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Abstract：
Screening is a key component of breast cancer early detection programs that can considerably reduce relevant mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to determine the breast cancer screening behavioral patterns and associated factors in women over 40 years of age. In this descriptive‑analytical cross‑sectional study, 372 over 40 years of age women visiting health centers in Tabriz, Iran, in 2023 were enrolled using cluster sampling. The data were collected using the sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, breast cancer perception scale, health literacy for Iranian adults scale, and the Breast Cancer Screening Behavior Checklist. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses). In total, 68.3% of all participants performed breast self‑examination (BSE) (9.9% regularly, once per month), 60.2% underwent clinical breast examination (CBE) (8.9% regularly, twice per year), 51.3% underwent mammography (12.3% regularly, once per year), and 36.2% underwent sonography (3.8% regularly, twice per year). The findings also showed that women with benign breast diseases were more likely to undergo CBE (OR = 8.49; 95% CI 2.55 to 28.21; P < 0.001), mammography (OR = 8.84; 95% CI 2.98 to 10; P < 0.001), and sonography (OR = 18.84; 95% CI 6.40 to 53.33; P < 0.001) than others. Participants with low and moderate breast cancer perception scores were more likely to perform BSE than women with high breast cancer perception scores (OR = 2.20; 95% CI 1.21 to 4.00; P = 0.009) and women who had a history of benign breast disease were more likely to perform screening behaviors than others (OR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.27 to 4.80; P = 0.008). Women between the ages of 50 and 59 were more likely to undergo mammography (OR = 2.33; 95% CI 1.29 to 4.77; P = 0.008) and CBE (OR = 2.40; 95% CI 1.347 to 4.20; P = 0.003) than those ≥ 60 years. Given the low participation of women in regular breast cancer screening, it is suggested that health care providers highlight the need for screening at the specified intervals in their training programs. In addition, health authorities are recommended to use reminder systems to remind women, especially those over 40 years of age, of the best time for breast screening. Moreover, health care providers must seek to improve breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of women who visit health centers, which are the first level of contact with the healthcare system for the general population.
摘要：
筛查是乳腺癌早期检测计划的关键组成部分，可以大大降低相关死亡率。这项研究的目的是确定40岁以上女性的乳腺癌筛查行为模式和相关因素。在这项描述性分析的横断面研究中，372名40岁以上的妇女访问大不里士的保健中心，伊朗,2023年采用整群抽样方式纳入.使用社会人口统计学特征问卷收集数据，乳腺癌感知量表，伊朗成年人健康素养量表，和乳腺癌筛查行为检查表。获得的数据在SPSS版本16中使用描述性统计进行分析(频率，百分比,意思是，和标准偏差)和推断统计(单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析)。总的来说,所有参与者中有68.3％进行了乳房自我检查（BSE）（9.9％定期，每月一次)，60.2%接受了临床乳房检查（CBE）（8.9%定期，每年两次)，51.3%接受了乳房X光检查(12.3%定期，每年一次)，36.2%接受了超声检查(3.8%定期，每年两次)。研究结果还表明，患有良性乳腺疾病的女性更容易接受CBE（OR=8.49；95％CI2.55至28.21；P<0.001），乳房X线摄影（OR=8.84；95％CI2.98至10；P<0.001），和超声检查（OR=18.84；95％CI为6.40至53.33；P<0.001）。具有低和中度乳腺癌感知得分的参与者比具有高乳腺癌感知得分的女性更有可能进行BSE检查（OR=2.20；95％CI1.21至4.00；P=0.009），并且具有良性乳腺疾病病史的女性比其他人更有可能进行筛查行为（OR=2.47；95％CI1.27至4.80；P=0.008）。与≥60岁的女性相比，年龄在50至59岁之间的女性更有可能接受乳房X线摄影（OR=2.33；95％CI1.29至4.77；P=0.008）和CBE（OR=2.40；95％CI1.347至4.20；P=0.003）。鉴于女性定期乳腺癌筛查的参与率较低，建议医疗保健提供者在其培训计划中强调需要在指定的间隔进行筛查。此外,建议卫生当局使用提醒系统提醒女性，尤其是那些40岁以上的人，乳房筛查的最佳时间。此外，医疗保健提供者必须寻求提高乳腺癌知识，态度，以及对访问健康中心的女性的看法，这是与普通人群医疗保健系统接触的第一级。
