Abstract：
Several species during evolution suffered random mutations in response to various environmental factors, which resulted in the formation of venom in phylogenetically distant species. The composition of the venom of most species is poorly known. Snake venom is well characterized while most species have poorly known composition. In contrast, snake venoms are well characterized which proteins and peptides are the main active and most abundant constituents. 42 protein families have been identified, including metalloproteins known as metalloproteinases. These macromolecules are enzymes with zinc in their active site derived from the disintegrin A and metalloproteinase (ADAM) cellular family and are categorized into three classes (PI, PII and PIII) according to their domain organization. The snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP) are cytotoxic, neurotoxic, myotoxic and/or hematotoxic with a crucial role in the defense and restraint of prey. In this scenario envenoming represents a danger to human health and has been considered a neglected disease worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. Nevertheless, recently advances in \"omics\" technologies have demonstrated interesting biological activities of SVMPs such as antimicrobial, anticancer, against cardiovascular diseases and nervous system disorders. Metalloproteins have the therapeutic potential to be converted into drugs as other components of the venom have undergone this process (e.g., captopril, tirefiban and eptifibatide). So, this chapter is focused on the metalloproteins found in the secretions of venomous species, highlight some aspects such as structure, biological activity, pharmacological therapeutic potential and on.
摘要：
一些物种在进化过程中由于各种环境因素而发生了随机突变，导致在系统发育遥远的物种中形成毒液。大多数物种的毒液组成鲜为人知。蛇毒的特征很好，而大多数物种的组成却鲜为人知。相比之下,蛇毒的特征很好，蛋白质和肽是主要的活性和最丰富的成分。已经确定了42个蛋白质家族，包括称为金属蛋白酶的金属蛋白。这些大分子是在其活性位点具有锌的酶，来自解整合素A和金属蛋白酶（ADAM）细胞家族，分为三类（PI，PII和PIII）根据其领域组织。蛇毒金属蛋白酶（SVMP）具有细胞毒性，神经毒性,肌毒性和/或血液毒性在防御和抑制猎物中起关键作用。在这种情况下，envenoming对人类健康构成威胁，被认为是全世界被忽视的疾病，特别是在热带和亚热带国家。然而，“组学”技术的最新进展已经证明了SVMP的有趣生物活性，如抗菌，抗癌，对抗心血管疾病和神经系统疾病。金属蛋白具有转化为药物的治疗潜力，因为毒液的其他成分已经经历了这一过程（例如，卡托普利,tirefiban和eptifibatide)。所以,本章重点介绍有毒物种分泌物中发现的金属蛋白，突出一些方面，如结构，生物活性,药理治疗潜力和。
