Abstract：
Rise in climate change-induced drought occurrences have amplified pollution of metal(loid)s, deteriorated soil quality, and deterred growth of crops. Rice straw-derived biochars (RSB) and cow manure-enriched biochars (CEB) were used in the investigation (at doses of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) to ameliorate the negative impacts of drought, improve soil fertility, minimize arsenic pollution, replace agro-chemical application, and maximize crop yields. Even in soils exposed to severe droughts, 3 months of RSB and CEB amendment (at 7.5% dose) revealed decreased bulk density (13.7% and 8.9%), and increased cation exchange capacity (6.0% and 6.3%), anion exchange capacity (56.3% and 28.0%), porosity (12.3% and 7.9%), water holding capacity (37.5% and 12.5%), soil respiration (17.8% and 21.8%), and nutrient contents (especially N and P). Additionally, RSB and CEB decreased mobile (30.3% and 35.7%), bio-available (54.7% and 45.3%), and leachable (55.0% and 56.5%) fractions of arsenic. Further, pot experiments with Bengal gram and coriander plants showed enhanced growth (62-188% biomass and 90-277% length) and reduced arsenic accumulation (49-54%) in above ground parts of the plants. Therefore, biochar application was found to improve physico-chemical properties of soil, minimize arsenic contamination, and augment crop growth even in drought-stressed soils. The investigation suggests utilisation of cow manure for eco-friendly fabrication of nutrient-rich CEB, which could eventually promote sustainable agriculture and circular economy. With the increasing need for sustainable agricultural practices, the use of biochar could provide a long-term solution to enhance soil quality, mitigate the effects of climate change, and ensure food security for future generations. Future research should focus on optimizing biochar application across various soil types and climatic conditions, as well as assessing its long-term effectiveness.
摘要：
气候变化引起的干旱事件的增加加剧了金属（loid）的污染，土壤质量恶化，阻碍了农作物的生长。调查中使用了稻草衍生的生物炭（RSB）和富含牛粪的生物炭（CEB）（剂量为0％，2.5%,5%,和7.5%)以减轻干旱的负面影响，提高土壤肥力，尽量减少砷污染，替代农用化学品应用，最大限度地提高作物产量。即使在暴露于严重干旱的土壤中，3个月的RSB和CEB修正案（剂量为7.5％）显示堆积密度降低（13.7％和8.9％），阳离子交换容量增加(6.0%和6.3%)，阴离子交换容量(56.3%和28.0%)，孔隙度（12.3%和7.9%），持水量(37.5%和12.5%)，土壤呼吸(17.8%和21.8%)，和养分含量(尤其是N和P)。此外,RSB和CEB减少了移动(30.3%和35.7%)，生物可利用性(54.7%和45.3%)，和可浸出(55.0%和56.5%)的砷组分。Further,孟加拉克和香菜植物的盆栽实验显示，植物地上部分的生长增强（生物量为62-188％，长度为90-277％）和砷积累减少（49-54％）。因此,生物炭的应用被发现可以改善土壤的理化性质，尽量减少砷污染，甚至在干旱胁迫的土壤中也能促进作物生长。调查表明，利用牛粪进行营养丰富的CEB的生态友好制造，最终可以促进可持续农业和循环经济。随着对可持续农业实践的需求日益增加，使用生物炭可以提供提高土壤质量的长期解决方案，减轻气候变化的影响，确保子孙后代的粮食安全。未来的研究应该集中在各种土壤类型和气候条件下优化生物炭的应用。以及评估其长期有效性。
