Abstract：
Regardless of a country\'s income level, air pollution poses a significant environmental threat to human health. Long-term exposure to air pollution often triggers cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Thus, air pollution significantly reduces life expectancy worldwide. The USA is one of the world\'s largest polluters of CO2 emissions, often used to represent air pollution. In this context, the main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between air pollution and life expectancy in the USA. In doing so, we control for the role of medical innovation, health expenditures, economic complexity, and government effectiveness using data for the period 1995-2019. The results indicate the existence of a cointegration relationship in the proposed model. The long-run coefficients are statistically positive for medical innovation and negative for CO2 emissions, economic complexity, and government effectiveness. On the other hand, health expenditures are ineffective in terms of life expectancy. Accordingly, medical innovation raises life expectancy, whereas CO2 emissions, economic complexity, and government effectiveness decrease it. Higher economic prosperity and health expenditures are not always beneficial to life expectancy. Therefore, policymakers need to take action to reduce air pollution and increase the comprehensiveness of economic prosperity benefits and health expenditure efficiency.
摘要：
不管一个国家的收入水平如何,空气污染对人类健康构成重大的环境威胁。长期接触空气污染通常会引发心血管和呼吸系统疾病。因此，空气污染显著降低了全世界的预期寿命。美国是世界上最大的二氧化碳排放国之一，通常用来代表空气污染。在这种情况下，这项研究的主要目的是研究空气污染与美国预期寿命之间的关系。在这样做的时候，我们控制医疗创新的作用，卫生支出,经济复杂性，和政府有效性使用1995-2019年期间的数据。结果表明，该模型存在协整关系。长期系数在统计上对医疗创新为正，对二氧化碳排放为负，经济复杂性，政府的有效性。另一方面,卫生支出在预期寿命方面无效。因此，医学创新提高了预期寿命，而二氧化碳排放，经济复杂性，政府的有效性降低了它。更高的经济繁荣和卫生支出并不总是有利于预期寿命。因此,政策制定者需要采取行动减少空气污染，提高经济繁荣效益和卫生支出效率的全面性。
