Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To compare spatial distributions of radiopaque glass (RG) microspheres, trisacryl gelatin (TAG) microspheres, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foam particles within a planar in vitro microvascular model of the hyperplastic hemiprostate.
METHODS: A microvascular model simulating hyperplastic hemiprostate was perfused with a water-glycerin mixture. A microcatheter was positioned distal to the model\'s prostatic artery origin and embolic particles (RG: 50 μm, 100 μm, and 150 μm; TAG: 100-300 μm and 300-500 μm; and PVA: 90-180 μm and 180-300 μm) were administered using a syringe pump. Microscopic imaging and subsequent semantic segmentation were performed to quantify particle distributions within the models. Distal penetrations were quantified statistically via modal analysis of the particle distributions.
RESULTS: Maximum distal penetration was observed for RG 50, followed by RG 100 and then TAG 100-300 and RG 150. TAG 300-500, PVA 90-180, and PVA 180-300 particles exhibited the lowest distal penetrations. The distal penetration metrics between groups were significantly different (p < 0.05) except between TAG 100-300 and RG 150 and between PVA 90-180 and PVA 180-300.
CONCLUSIONS: Comparing the spatial distributions of embolic particles in an in vitro microvascular model simulating the hyperplastic hemiprostate revealed that noncompressible particles and those with narrower size calibrations and smaller relative diameters exhibited higher degrees of distal packing. The embolization front was less distinct for particles with wider size calibrations, which resulted in smaller, more distal emboli along with larger, more proximal emboli. PVA and TAG 300-500 particles both exhibited relatively low overall distal penetration.
METHODS: A microvascular model simulating hyperplastic hemiprostate was perfused with a water-glycerin mixture. A microcatheter was positioned distal to the model\'s prostatic artery origin and embolic particles (RG: 50 μm, 100 μm, and 150 μm; TAG: 100-300 μm and 300-500 μm; and PVA: 90-180 μm and 180-300 μm) were administered using a syringe pump. Microscopic imaging and subsequent semantic segmentation were performed to quantify particle distributions within the models. Distal penetrations were quantified statistically via modal analysis of the particle distributions.
RESULTS: Maximum distal penetration was observed for RG 50, followed by RG 100 and then TAG 100-300 and RG 150. TAG 300-500, PVA 90-180, and PVA 180-300 particles exhibited the lowest distal penetrations. The distal penetration metrics between groups were significantly different (p < 0.05) except between TAG 100-300 and RG 150 and between PVA 90-180 and PVA 180-300.
CONCLUSIONS: Comparing the spatial distributions of embolic particles in an in vitro microvascular model simulating the hyperplastic hemiprostate revealed that noncompressible particles and those with narrower size calibrations and smaller relative diameters exhibited higher degrees of distal packing. The embolization front was less distinct for particles with wider size calibrations, which resulted in smaller, more distal emboli along with larger, more proximal emboli. PVA and TAG 300-500 particles both exhibited relatively low overall distal penetration.
摘要：
目的：比较不透射线玻璃（RG）微球的空间分布，三丙烯酸明胶（TAG）微球，和聚乙烯醇（PVA）泡沫颗粒在增生性半前列腺的平面体外微血管模型中。
方法：用水-甘油混合物灌注模拟增生性半前列腺的微血管模型。微导管位于模型前列腺动脉起源和栓塞颗粒的远端(RG:50μm,100μm,和150μm；TAG：100-300μm和300-500μm；和PVA：90-180μm和180-300μm）使用注射泵给药。进行显微成像和随后的语义分割以量化模型内的粒子分布。通过颗粒分布的模态分析对远端渗透进行统计量化。
结果：观察到RG50的最大远端穿透，其次是RG100，然后是TAG100-300和RG150。TAG300-500、PVA90-180和PVA180-300颗粒显示出最低的远端穿透性。除了TAG100-300和RG150之间以及PVA90-180和PVA180-300之间之外,组间的远端穿透度量显著不同(p<0.05)。
结论：在模拟增生性半前列腺的体外微血管模型中比较栓塞颗粒的空间分布，发现不可压缩颗粒和具有较窄尺寸校准和较小相对直径的颗粒显示出更高的远端堆积程度。对于具有较宽尺寸校准的颗粒，栓塞前沿不太明显，这导致了更小的，更多的远端栓子和更大的栓子，更多的近端栓塞。PVA和TAG300-500颗粒均表现出相对低的总体远端穿透。
方法：用水-甘油混合物灌注模拟增生性半前列腺的微血管模型。微导管位于模型前列腺动脉起源和栓塞颗粒的远端(RG:50μm,100μm,和150μm；TAG：100-300μm和300-500μm；和PVA：90-180μm和180-300μm）使用注射泵给药。进行显微成像和随后的语义分割以量化模型内的粒子分布。通过颗粒分布的模态分析对远端渗透进行统计量化。
结果：观察到RG50的最大远端穿透，其次是RG100，然后是TAG100-300和RG150。TAG300-500、PVA90-180和PVA180-300颗粒显示出最低的远端穿透性。除了TAG100-300和RG150之间以及PVA90-180和PVA180-300之间之外,组间的远端穿透度量显著不同(p<0.05)。
结论：在模拟增生性半前列腺的体外微血管模型中比较栓塞颗粒的空间分布，发现不可压缩颗粒和具有较窄尺寸校准和较小相对直径的颗粒显示出更高的远端堆积程度。对于具有较宽尺寸校准的颗粒，栓塞前沿不太明显，这导致了更小的，更多的远端栓子和更大的栓子，更多的近端栓塞。PVA和TAG300-500颗粒均表现出相对低的总体远端穿透。
