Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Sarcopenia, characterized by loss of muscle mass and decreased muscle strength, significantly affects adults but also influences pediatric health. However, definitions for low muscle mass, decreased strength, and sarcopenia in children are less established, impacting interventions for improving health outcomes. The objective of this scoping review is synthesize the existing literature on the diagnostic criteria, prevalence and clinical outcomes of sarcopenia.
METHODS: A scoping review, following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, examined pediatric sarcopenia literature until June 2023. The literature search was performed using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials with the last search conducted on June 30, 2023. Criteria included studies on aged 0-20 years, covering healthy subjects, acutely ill patients, and chronic disease cases excluding specific conditions like neuromuscular diseases or prematurity.
RESULTS: Initial search found 503 studies, finally, we included 56 studies. Most studies diagnosed sarcopenia using skeletal muscle mass indicators like total psoas muscle area from Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Around half of the longitudinal studies highlighted sarcopenia as a risk factor for various clinical outcomes, predominantly in hospitalized patients. However, cutoff values for sarcopenia indicators lacked consistency, with studies employing diverse percentile-based measurements or z-scores.
CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric sarcopenia diagnosis primarily relies on skeletal muscle mass, with identified links to future clinical outcomes in specific conditions. The lack of standardized cutoffs for sarcopenia indicators underscores the necessity for age, gender, and race-specific cutoff values derived from studies establishing reference values for muscle mass and strength across diverse pediatric populations.
METHODS: A scoping review, following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, examined pediatric sarcopenia literature until June 2023. The literature search was performed using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials with the last search conducted on June 30, 2023. Criteria included studies on aged 0-20 years, covering healthy subjects, acutely ill patients, and chronic disease cases excluding specific conditions like neuromuscular diseases or prematurity.
RESULTS: Initial search found 503 studies, finally, we included 56 studies. Most studies diagnosed sarcopenia using skeletal muscle mass indicators like total psoas muscle area from Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Around half of the longitudinal studies highlighted sarcopenia as a risk factor for various clinical outcomes, predominantly in hospitalized patients. However, cutoff values for sarcopenia indicators lacked consistency, with studies employing diverse percentile-based measurements or z-scores.
CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric sarcopenia diagnosis primarily relies on skeletal muscle mass, with identified links to future clinical outcomes in specific conditions. The lack of standardized cutoffs for sarcopenia indicators underscores the necessity for age, gender, and race-specific cutoff values derived from studies establishing reference values for muscle mass and strength across diverse pediatric populations.
摘要：
目标：肌肉减少症，以肌肉质量损失和肌肉力量下降为特征，显着影响成人，但也影响儿科健康。然而,低肌肉质量的定义，强度降低,儿童的肌少症不太成熟，影响改善健康结果的干预措施。本范围审查的目的是综合现有的关于诊断标准的文献，肌少症的患病率和临床结局。
方法：范围审查，在PRISMA扩展范围审查之后，检查小儿肌少症文献，直至2023年6月。文献检索是使用MEDLINE和Cochrane对照试验中央登记册进行的，最后一次检索是在2023年6月30日进行的。标准包括0-20岁的研究，涵盖健康受试者，重症患者,和慢性病病例，不包括神经肌肉疾病或早产等特定条件。
结果：初步搜索发现了503项研究，最后,我们纳入了56项研究。大多数研究使用骨骼肌质量指标诊断肌肉减少症，如计算机断层扫描或磁共振成像的腰大肌总面积。大约一半的纵向研究强调肌少症是各种临床结果的危险因素。主要是住院患者。然而,肌肉减少症指标的截止值缺乏一致性，研究采用不同的基于百分位数的测量或z分数。
结论：小儿少肌症的诊断主要依赖于骨骼肌质量，确定与特定条件下未来临床结果的联系。缺乏肌肉减少症指标的标准化截止值强调了年龄的必要性，性别,和种族特定的临界值来自研究，这些研究确定了不同儿科人群的肌肉质量和力量的参考值。
方法：范围审查，在PRISMA扩展范围审查之后，检查小儿肌少症文献，直至2023年6月。文献检索是使用MEDLINE和Cochrane对照试验中央登记册进行的，最后一次检索是在2023年6月30日进行的。标准包括0-20岁的研究，涵盖健康受试者，重症患者,和慢性病病例，不包括神经肌肉疾病或早产等特定条件。
结果：初步搜索发现了503项研究，最后,我们纳入了56项研究。大多数研究使用骨骼肌质量指标诊断肌肉减少症，如计算机断层扫描或磁共振成像的腰大肌总面积。大约一半的纵向研究强调肌少症是各种临床结果的危险因素。主要是住院患者。然而,肌肉减少症指标的截止值缺乏一致性，研究采用不同的基于百分位数的测量或z分数。
结论：小儿少肌症的诊断主要依赖于骨骼肌质量，确定与特定条件下未来临床结果的联系。缺乏肌肉减少症指标的标准化截止值强调了年龄的必要性，性别,和种族特定的临界值来自研究，这些研究确定了不同儿科人群的肌肉质量和力量的参考值。
