Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of critical care nurses (CCNs) and registered nurse anesthetists (RNAs) when monitoring and observing infants and toddlers recovering from anesthesia.
METHODS: A qualitative design with a critical incident approach.
METHODS: Semistructured individual interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of CCNs and RNAs (n = 17) from postanesthesia care units at two hospitals. The critical incident technique approach was used to guide the interviews, and data were analyzed inductively using thematic analysis.
RESULTS: The main finding was the CCNs\' and RNAs\' description of how they \"watch over the children and stay close\" to provide emotional and physical safety. CCNs\' and RNAs\' experiences of observing and managing the children\'s small, immature airways were reflected in the theme \"using situation awareness of the small, immature airways.\" The theme \"understanding emergence agitation\" describes the challenge that arises when children are anxious, feel insecure, and have pain, and the theme \"having parents nearby\" shows the necessity and value of involving parents in their children\'s care.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study suggest that caring for infants and toddlers recovering from anesthesia requires experience and both technical and nontechnical skills. These are prerequisites for achieving readiness for planning, setting priorities, and adapting one\'s behavior if an adverse event occurs. Alertness and the ability to solve acute problems and make quick decisions are essential because of the risks associated with children\'s small, immature airways, as is the ability to understand and respond to emergence agitation. Having parents nearby is equally important for creating the conditions for compassionate child- and family-centered care.
METHODS: A qualitative design with a critical incident approach.
METHODS: Semistructured individual interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of CCNs and RNAs (n = 17) from postanesthesia care units at two hospitals. The critical incident technique approach was used to guide the interviews, and data were analyzed inductively using thematic analysis.
RESULTS: The main finding was the CCNs\' and RNAs\' description of how they \"watch over the children and stay close\" to provide emotional and physical safety. CCNs\' and RNAs\' experiences of observing and managing the children\'s small, immature airways were reflected in the theme \"using situation awareness of the small, immature airways.\" The theme \"understanding emergence agitation\" describes the challenge that arises when children are anxious, feel insecure, and have pain, and the theme \"having parents nearby\" shows the necessity and value of involving parents in their children\'s care.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study suggest that caring for infants and toddlers recovering from anesthesia requires experience and both technical and nontechnical skills. These are prerequisites for achieving readiness for planning, setting priorities, and adapting one\'s behavior if an adverse event occurs. Alertness and the ability to solve acute problems and make quick decisions are essential because of the risks associated with children\'s small, immature airways, as is the ability to understand and respond to emergence agitation. Having parents nearby is equally important for creating the conditions for compassionate child- and family-centered care.
摘要：
目的：这项研究的目的是描述重症监护护士（CCN）和注册护士麻醉师（RNA）在监测和观察婴儿和幼儿从麻醉中恢复时的经验。
方法：采用关键事件方法的定性设计。
方法：对来自两家医院的麻醉后护理单位的CCN和RNA（n=17）的有目的的样本进行了半结构化的个体访谈。关键事件技术方法被用来指导采访，数据采用专题分析法进行归纳分析。
结果：主要发现是CCN和RNA描述了它们如何“监视孩子并保持亲密”以提供情感和身体安全。CCNs和RNA观察和管理儿童小的经验，未成熟的气道反映在主题“利用小情境意识，不成熟的气道.“主题”“理解出现的激动”描述了当孩子焦虑时出现的挑战，感到不安全，有疼痛，“让父母在身边”的主题表明了让父母参与孩子护理的必要性和价值。
结论：这项研究的结果表明，照顾从麻醉中恢复的婴幼儿需要经验以及技术和非技术技能。这些是实现计划准备的先决条件，设定优先事项，并在发生不良事件时调整自己的行为。警惕和解决尖锐问题和快速决策的能力是必不可少的，因为与儿童的小风险，不成熟的气道,理解和应对出现激动的能力也是如此。让父母在附近，对于为富有同情心的儿童和以家庭为中心的护理创造条件同样重要。
方法：采用关键事件方法的定性设计。
方法：对来自两家医院的麻醉后护理单位的CCN和RNA（n=17）的有目的的样本进行了半结构化的个体访谈。关键事件技术方法被用来指导采访，数据采用专题分析法进行归纳分析。
结果：主要发现是CCN和RNA描述了它们如何“监视孩子并保持亲密”以提供情感和身体安全。CCNs和RNA观察和管理儿童小的经验，未成熟的气道反映在主题“利用小情境意识，不成熟的气道.“主题”“理解出现的激动”描述了当孩子焦虑时出现的挑战，感到不安全，有疼痛，“让父母在身边”的主题表明了让父母参与孩子护理的必要性和价值。
结论：这项研究的结果表明，照顾从麻醉中恢复的婴幼儿需要经验以及技术和非技术技能。这些是实现计划准备的先决条件，设定优先事项，并在发生不良事件时调整自己的行为。警惕和解决尖锐问题和快速决策的能力是必不可少的，因为与儿童的小风险，不成熟的气道,理解和应对出现激动的能力也是如此。让父母在附近，对于为富有同情心的儿童和以家庭为中心的护理创造条件同样重要。
