Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Despite cryptorchidism being a common genital abnormality in male newborns with significant prevalence variations globally, there is a notable scarcity of epidemiological data on this condition in China.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to delineate the prevalence pattern of cryptorchidism in Chinese population over the past 15 years using nationwide surveillance data.
METHODS: Data from the China National Population-based Birth Defects Surveillance System (2007-2021) were analyzed to calculate the prevalence rates of cryptorchidism, stratified by birth year, maternal age, maternal residence, and geographic region. Adjusted prevalence rate ratios were computed using Poisson regression, while trends in prevalence and average annual percent change (AAPC) were assessed using the joinpoint regression model.
RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 1,833 cases of cryptorchidism were identified among 2,565,964 full-term male births, resulting in prevalence rates of 7.14, 5.60, and 1.54 per 10,000 births for overall, isolated, and associated cryptorchidism, respectively. The overall prevalence increased from 3.86 to 11.20 per 10,000 births, with an AAPC of 7.9% (95% confidence interval: 5.5-11.0). Significant variations were observed across maternal age (< 20 years, 7.62/10,000; 20-24 years, 6.14/10,000; 25-29 years, 6.96/10,000; 30-34 years, 7.48/10,000; ≥35 years, 9.22/10,000), maternal residence (urban vs. rural, 10.99/10,000 vs. 2.86/10,000), and geographic region (eastern, 12.38/10,000; central, 2.36/10,000; western, 2.63/10,000). Approximately one-third of cryptorchidism cases were bilaterally, while two-thirds were unilateral. Commonly observed associated abnormalities included congenital hydrocele testis, as well as anomalies in the genital organs, circulatory system, and musculoskeletal system.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite lower rates compared to other countries, the increasing trend in prevalence of cryptorchidism necessitates further investigation and intervention.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to delineate the prevalence pattern of cryptorchidism in Chinese population over the past 15 years using nationwide surveillance data.
METHODS: Data from the China National Population-based Birth Defects Surveillance System (2007-2021) were analyzed to calculate the prevalence rates of cryptorchidism, stratified by birth year, maternal age, maternal residence, and geographic region. Adjusted prevalence rate ratios were computed using Poisson regression, while trends in prevalence and average annual percent change (AAPC) were assessed using the joinpoint regression model.
RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 1,833 cases of cryptorchidism were identified among 2,565,964 full-term male births, resulting in prevalence rates of 7.14, 5.60, and 1.54 per 10,000 births for overall, isolated, and associated cryptorchidism, respectively. The overall prevalence increased from 3.86 to 11.20 per 10,000 births, with an AAPC of 7.9% (95% confidence interval: 5.5-11.0). Significant variations were observed across maternal age (< 20 years, 7.62/10,000; 20-24 years, 6.14/10,000; 25-29 years, 6.96/10,000; 30-34 years, 7.48/10,000; ≥35 years, 9.22/10,000), maternal residence (urban vs. rural, 10.99/10,000 vs. 2.86/10,000), and geographic region (eastern, 12.38/10,000; central, 2.36/10,000; western, 2.63/10,000). Approximately one-third of cryptorchidism cases were bilaterally, while two-thirds were unilateral. Commonly observed associated abnormalities included congenital hydrocele testis, as well as anomalies in the genital organs, circulatory system, and musculoskeletal system.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite lower rates compared to other countries, the increasing trend in prevalence of cryptorchidism necessitates further investigation and intervention.
摘要：
背景：尽管隐睾是男性新生儿常见的生殖器异常，全球患病率差异显著，在中国，这种情况的流行病学数据明显缺乏。
目的：本研究的目的是利用全国范围的监测数据，描述过去15年中国人群隐睾病的流行模式。
方法：分析了中国国家人口出生缺陷监测系统（2007-2021）的数据，以计算隐睾的患病率，按出生年份分层，产妇年龄,产妇住宅,和地理区域。调整后的患病率比率使用泊松回归计算，而患病率和平均年变化百分比(AAPC)的趋势使用连接点回归模型进行评估.
结果：在研究期间，在2,565,964例男性足月分娩中，共发现1,833例隐睾病例，导致总体患病率为每10,000名新生儿7.14、5.60和1.54，孤立的,和相关的隐睾，分别。总体患病率从每10,000名新生儿3.86增加到11.20名,AAPC为7.9%（95%置信区间：5.5-11.0）。观察到不同母亲年龄的显著差异(<20岁，7.62/万；20-24年，6.14/10000；25-29年，6.96/10000；30-34年，7.48/10,000;≥35岁,9.22/10,000),产妇住宅(城市与农村,10.99/10,000vs.2.86/10,000），和地理区域(东部，12.38/10,000；中央，2.36/10,000；西部，2.63/10000）。大约三分之一的隐睾病例是双侧的，而三分之二是单方面的。常见的相关异常包括先天性睾丸鞘膜积液，以及生殖器官的异常，循环系统,和肌肉骨骼系统.
结论：尽管与其他国家相比利率较低，隐睾患病率的增加趋势需要进一步的调查和干预.
目的：本研究的目的是利用全国范围的监测数据，描述过去15年中国人群隐睾病的流行模式。
方法：分析了中国国家人口出生缺陷监测系统（2007-2021）的数据，以计算隐睾的患病率，按出生年份分层，产妇年龄,产妇住宅,和地理区域。调整后的患病率比率使用泊松回归计算，而患病率和平均年变化百分比(AAPC)的趋势使用连接点回归模型进行评估.
结果：在研究期间，在2,565,964例男性足月分娩中，共发现1,833例隐睾病例，导致总体患病率为每10,000名新生儿7.14、5.60和1.54，孤立的,和相关的隐睾，分别。总体患病率从每10,000名新生儿3.86增加到11.20名,AAPC为7.9%（95%置信区间：5.5-11.0）。观察到不同母亲年龄的显著差异(<20岁，7.62/万；20-24年，6.14/10000；25-29年，6.96/10000；30-34年，7.48/10,000;≥35岁,9.22/10,000),产妇住宅(城市与农村,10.99/10,000vs.2.86/10,000），和地理区域(东部，12.38/10,000；中央，2.36/10,000；西部，2.63/10000）。大约三分之一的隐睾病例是双侧的，而三分之二是单方面的。常见的相关异常包括先天性睾丸鞘膜积液，以及生殖器官的异常，循环系统,和肌肉骨骼系统.
结论：尽管与其他国家相比利率较低，隐睾患病率的增加趋势需要进一步的调查和干预.
