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Abstract：
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the cancers that seriously threaten human health. Immunotherapy serves as the mainstay of treatment for HCC patients by targeting the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis. However, the effectiveness of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment is limited when HCC becomes drug-resistant. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important factor in the negative regulation of PD-1 antibody targeted therapy in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, as an emerging direction in cancer immunotherapy research for the treatment of HCC, it is crucial to elucidate the correlations and mechanisms between TAMs and PD-1/PD-L1-mediated immune tolerance. This paper summarizes the effects of TAMs on the pathogenesis and progression of HCC and their impact on HCC anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, and further explores current potential therapeutic strategies that target TAMs in HCC, including eliminating TAMs in the TME, inhibiting TAMs recruitment to tumors and functionally repolarizing M2-TAMs (tumor-supportive) to M1-TAMs (antitumor type).
摘要：
肝细胞癌是严重威胁人类健康的恶性肿瘤之一。通过靶向程序性细胞死亡蛋白1/程序性细胞死亡1配体1（PD-1/PD-L1）轴，免疫治疗成为HCC患者治疗的主要手段。然而,当HCC耐药时,抗PD-1/PD-L1治疗的有效性有限.肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAMs)是肿瘤微环境(TME)中PD-1抗体靶向治疗负调控的重要因素。因此,作为肝癌免疫治疗研究的新兴方向，阐明TAMs与PD-1/PD-L1介导的免疫耐受之间的相关性和机制至关重要。本文综述了TAMs在HCC发病和进展中的作用及其对HCC抗PD-1/PD-L1免疫治疗的影响。并进一步探讨了目前针对HCCTAM的潜在治疗策略，包括在TME中消除TAM，抑制TAM募集到肿瘤，并在功能上将M2-TAM（肿瘤支持性）重新极化为M1-TAM（抗肿瘤型）。
