Abstract：
In recent decades, a growing proportion of college students have experienced financial stress, resulting in unmet essential needs including food insecurity, housing instability, lack of healthcare access, and inadequate mental health treatment. Given that urban-based public universities constitute a substantial proportion of the US college student population, understanding how unmet needs affect academic achievement in this population is crucial for developing strategies that alleviate college failure and dropout. We examined the cumulative impact of unmet essential needs (scored from 0 to 4) on indicators of college attrition (dropout, leave of absence, risk of academic probation). The sample comprised a college population-representative sample of 1833 students attending one of three urban public colleges in the Bronx, NY. Employing adjusted multinomial and binomial logistic regression models, we assessed how total unmet essential needs predict any indicator of college attrition. Each unit increase in unmet need increased the odds of having any attrition indicator by 29% (p < 0.01). Students with two unmet needs had 43% greater odds (p < 0.01), students with three unmet needs had 57% greater odds (p < 0.01), and students with four unmet needs had 82% greater odds (p < 0.01) of having any attrition indicator compared to those without unmet needs. Findings revealed a modest dose-response relationship between the number of unmet needs and the likelihood of experiencing indicators of attrition, suggesting a cumulative impact of unmet needs on students\' ability to persist to graduation. Designing interventions aimed at college students with multiple unmet essential needs, and addressing these needs holistically, may assist student retention and graduation.
摘要：
近几十年来,越来越多的大学生经历了经济压力，导致基本需求得不到满足，包括粮食不安全，住房不稳定，缺乏医疗保健，心理健康治疗不足。鉴于城市公立大学占美国大学生人口的很大比例，了解未满足的需求如何影响这一人群的学业成绩对于制定缓解大学失败和辍学的策略至关重要。我们检查了未满足的基本需求（得分从0到4）对大学减员指标的累积影响（辍学，请假,学术试用的风险)。该样本包括一个具有大学人口代表性的样本，其中有1833名学生就读布朗克斯的三所城市公立大学之一。NY.采用调整后的多项和二项逻辑回归模型，我们评估了未满足的基本需求如何预测大学减员的任何指标。未满足的需求每增加一个单位，出现任何损耗指标的几率就会增加29%(p<0.01)。有两个未满足需求的学生有43%的几率(p<0.01)，有三个未满足需求的学生有57%的几率(p<0.01)，与没有未满足需求的学生相比，有四个未满足需求的学生有82%的几率(p<0.01)出现任何减员指标。研究结果表明，未满足的需求数量与经历减员指标的可能性之间存在适度的剂量反应关系，表明未满足的需求对学生坚持毕业能力的累积影响。针对具有多种未满足基本需求的大学生设计干预措施，从整体上解决这些需求，可以帮助学生保留和毕业。
