Abstract：
Oleaginous fungi have attracted a great deal of interest for their potency to accumulate high amounts of lipids (more than 20% of biomass dry weight) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which have a variety of industrial and biological applications. Lipids of plant and animal origin are related to some restrictions and thus lead to attention towards oleaginous microorganisms as reliable substitute resources. Lipids are traditionally biosynthesized intra-cellularly and involved in the building structure of a variety of cellular compartments. In oleaginous fungi, under certain conditions of elevated carbon ratio and decreased nitrogen in the growth medium, a change in metabolic pathway occurred by switching the whole central carbon metabolism to fatty acid anabolism, which subsequently resulted in high lipid accumulation. The present review illustrates the bio-lipid structure, fatty acid classes and biosynthesis within oleaginous fungi with certain key enzymes, and the advantages of oleaginous fungi over other lipid bio-sources. Qualitative and quantitative techniques for detecting the lipid accumulation capability of oleaginous microbes including visual, and analytical (convenient and non-convenient) were debated. Factors affecting lipid production, and different approaches followed to enhance the lipid content in oleaginous yeasts and fungi, including optimization, utilization of cost-effective wastes, co-culturing, as well as metabolic and genetic engineering, were discussed. A better understanding of the oleaginous fungi regarding screening, detection, and maximization of lipid content using different strategies could help to discover new potent oleaginous isolates, exploit and recycle low-cost wastes, and improve the efficiency of bio-lipids cumulation with biotechnological significance.
摘要：
产油真菌因其积累大量脂质（超过生物质干重的20％）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的能力而引起了极大的兴趣。具有多种工业和生物应用。植物和动物来源的脂质与一些限制有关，因此引起了人们对含油微生物作为可靠替代资源的关注。脂质传统上是细胞内生物合成的，并参与各种细胞区室的构建结构。在产油真菌中，在一定的生长培养基中碳比升高和氮减少的条件下，通过将整个中心碳代谢转换为脂肪酸合成代谢而发生的代谢途径的变化，随后导致高脂质积累。本综述阐述了生物脂质结构，脂肪酸类别和产油真菌内的生物合成与某些关键酶，以及产油真菌相对于其他脂质生物来源的优势。用于检测含油微生物的脂质积累能力的定性和定量技术，包括视觉，和分析(方便和不方便)进行了辩论。影响脂质生产的因素，以及不同的方法来提高含油酵母和真菌中的脂质含量，包括优化，利用具有成本效益的废物，共同培养,以及代谢和基因工程，进行了讨论。更好地了解含油真菌的筛选，检测,使用不同的策略最大化脂质含量可以帮助发现新的有效的含油分离物，开发和回收低成本废物，并提高具有生物技术意义的生物脂质累积效率。
