Abstract：
Despite the dramatic decrease in HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in the combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) era, subtler neuropsychological complications remain prevalent. In this review, we discuss the changing pathophysiology of HIV-associated NCI, considering recent evidence of HIV neuropathogenesis, and the pivotal role of cART. Furthermore, we address the multifactorial nature of NCI in people living with HIV, including legacy and ongoing insults to the brain, as well as host-specific factors. We also summarize the ongoing debate about the refinement of diagnostic criteria, exploring the strengths and limitations of these recent approaches. Finally, we present current research in NCI management in people living with HIV and highlight the need for using both pharmacological and nonpharmacological pathways toward a holistic approach.
摘要：
尽管在联合抗逆转录病毒治疗（cART）时代，HIV相关的神经认知障碍（NCI）急剧下降，微妙的神经心理并发症仍然普遍存在。在这次审查中,我们讨论了HIV相关NCI的病理生理学变化，考虑到HIV神经发病机制的最新证据，以及cART的关键作用。此外，我们解决了NCI在艾滋病毒感染者中的多因素性质，包括遗产和对大脑的持续侮辱，以及特定于宿主的因素。我们还总结了正在进行的关于完善诊断标准的辩论，探索这些最新方法的优势和局限性。最后,我们介绍了HIV感染者中NCI管理的最新研究,并强调需要同时使用药理学和非药理学途径来实现整体方法.
