Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the capacity to adapt to internal and environmental changes. Decreased HRV may indicate inadequate adaptive capacity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the heart and brain\'s adaptive abilities, both at rest and when negative emotions are stimulated in depression.
METHODS: The study included 30 patients (20 female, 10 male) with major depression (mean age = 29.8 ± 7.8) and 30 healthy controls, all of whom had similar characteristics in terms of age and gender, selected through convenience sampling. The patients were drug-free at the time of the assessment. Holter recordings were obtained while subjects watched videos stimulating anger, fear, sadness, and a neutral video, and at rest, HRV parameters were calculated. To control for interindividual variability and account for paired sampling, linear mixed effects models were employed.
RESULTS: Watching the \'sadness video\' led to an increase in low frequency band (LF) [LF change (Control vs depression); Difference:-620.80 df:107 t:-2.093 P:0.039] and LF/high frequency band ratio (LF/HF) [LF/HF change (control vs depression group); Difference:-1.718 df:105 t:-2.374 P:0.020] in the depression group. The video led to a decrease in LF and LF/HF in the controls. Although the differences between the conditions and interactions with the group were significant, the effects were independent of depression severity.
CONCLUSIONS: In depression, brain\'s regulatory effect on the heart differed from controls in the sadness condition, possibly due to increased arousal levels in subjects with depression and their inability to suppress sympathetic activity when a state of sadness is stimulated.
METHODS: The study included 30 patients (20 female, 10 male) with major depression (mean age = 29.8 ± 7.8) and 30 healthy controls, all of whom had similar characteristics in terms of age and gender, selected through convenience sampling. The patients were drug-free at the time of the assessment. Holter recordings were obtained while subjects watched videos stimulating anger, fear, sadness, and a neutral video, and at rest, HRV parameters were calculated. To control for interindividual variability and account for paired sampling, linear mixed effects models were employed.
RESULTS: Watching the \'sadness video\' led to an increase in low frequency band (LF) [LF change (Control vs depression); Difference:-620.80 df:107 t:-2.093 P:0.039] and LF/high frequency band ratio (LF/HF) [LF/HF change (control vs depression group); Difference:-1.718 df:105 t:-2.374 P:0.020] in the depression group. The video led to a decrease in LF and LF/HF in the controls. Although the differences between the conditions and interactions with the group were significant, the effects were independent of depression severity.
CONCLUSIONS: In depression, brain\'s regulatory effect on the heart differed from controls in the sadness condition, possibly due to increased arousal levels in subjects with depression and their inability to suppress sympathetic activity when a state of sadness is stimulated.
摘要：
目的：心率变异性（HRV）反映了适应内部和环境变化的能力。HRV降低可能表明适应能力不足。本研究旨在探讨心脏和大脑适应能力之间的关系,无论是在休息时还是在抑郁中激发负面情绪时。
方法：该研究包括30名患者（20名女性，10名男性）患有重度抑郁症（平均年龄=29.8±7.8）和30名健康对照，所有这些人在年龄和性别方面都有相似的特征，通过方便抽样选择。患者在评估时没有药物。当受试者观看刺激愤怒的视频时，获得了Holter录音，恐惧,悲伤，和一个中立的视频，在休息时，计算HRV参数。为了控制个体差异并考虑配对采样，采用线性混合效应模型。
结果：观看“悲伤视频”导致低频带（LF）[LF变化（控制与抑郁）；差异：-620.80df：107t：-2.093P：0.039]和LF/高频带比率（LF/HF）[LF/HF变化（对照与抑郁组）；差异：-1.718df：105t：-2.374P组：视频导致控件中LF和LF/HF的减少。尽管条件和与该组的相互作用之间的差异是显着的，这些效应与抑郁严重程度无关.
结论：在抑郁症中，大脑对心脏的调节作用不同于悲伤状态下的控制，可能是由于抑郁症患者的唤醒水平增加，以及在刺激悲伤状态时无法抑制交感神经活动。
方法：该研究包括30名患者（20名女性，10名男性）患有重度抑郁症（平均年龄=29.8±7.8）和30名健康对照，所有这些人在年龄和性别方面都有相似的特征，通过方便抽样选择。患者在评估时没有药物。当受试者观看刺激愤怒的视频时，获得了Holter录音，恐惧,悲伤，和一个中立的视频，在休息时，计算HRV参数。为了控制个体差异并考虑配对采样，采用线性混合效应模型。
结果：观看“悲伤视频”导致低频带（LF）[LF变化（控制与抑郁）；差异：-620.80df：107t：-2.093P：0.039]和LF/高频带比率（LF/HF）[LF/HF变化（对照与抑郁组）；差异：-1.718df：105t：-2.374P组：视频导致控件中LF和LF/HF的减少。尽管条件和与该组的相互作用之间的差异是显着的，这些效应与抑郁严重程度无关.
结论：在抑郁症中，大脑对心脏的调节作用不同于悲伤状态下的控制，可能是由于抑郁症患者的唤醒水平增加，以及在刺激悲伤状态时无法抑制交感神经活动。
