PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In Europe, two fastidious phloem-limited pathogens, \'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani\' (16SrXII-A) and \'Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus\', are associated with rubbery taproot disease (RTD) and syndrome basses richesses (SBR) of sugar beet, respectively. Both diseases can significantly reduce yield, especially when accompanied by root rot fungi. This study investigates the presence, geographic distribution and genetic traits of fastidious pathogens and the accompanying fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina, found on sugar beet across four geographically separated plains spanning seven countries in Central Europe. The survey revealed variable incidences of symptoms linked to these fastidious pathogens in the Pannonian and Wallachian Plains, sporadic occurrence in the North European Plain, and no symptomatic sugar beet in the Bohemian Plain. Molecular analyses unveiled the occurrence of both \'Ca. P. solani\' and \'Ca. A. phytopathogenicus\' throughout Central Europe, with a predominance of the phytoplasma. These fastidious pathogens were detected in all six countries surveyed within the Pannonian and Wallachian Plains, with only a limited presence of various phytoplasmas was found in the North European Plain, while no fastidious pathogens were detected in Bohemia, aligning with observed symptoms. While 16S rDNA sequences of \'Ca. P. solani\' remained highly conserved, multi-locus characterization of two more variable loci (tuf and stamp) unveiled distinct variability patterns across the plains. Notably, the surprising lack of variability of tuf and stamp loci within Central Europe, particularly the Pannonian Plain, contrasted their high variability in Eastern and Western Europe, corresponding to epidemic and sporadic occurrence, respectively. The current study provides valuable insights into the genetic dynamics of \'Ca. P. solani\' in Central Europe, and novel findings of the presence of \'Ca. A. phytopathogenicus\' in five countries (Slovakia, Czech Republic, Austria, Serbia, and Romania) and M. phaseolina in sugar beet in Slovakia. These findings emphasize the need for further investigation of vector-pathogen(s)-plant host interactions and ecological drivers of disease outbreaks.
摘要：
在欧洲,两种挑剔的韧皮部有限的病原体，\'念珠菌solani植原体\'（16SrXII-A）和\'念珠菌senophonus植病\'，与甜菜的橡胶状主根病（RTD）和综合征贝类丰富（SBR）有关，分别。这两种疾病都会大大降低产量，特别是伴有根腐病真菌时。这项研究调查了存在，注意病原体和伴随真菌的地理分布和遗传特性，Macrophominaphaseolina,在横跨中欧七个国家的四个地理上分开的平原上的甜菜上发现。调查显示，在Pannonian和Wallachian平原中，与这些挑剔的病原体相关的症状发生率不同，在北欧平原零星发生，波希米亚平原没有症状甜菜.分子分析揭示了两种钙的出现。P.solani\'和\'Ca。A.整个中欧的植物病原体，以植物质为主。在Pannonian和Wallachian平原调查的所有六个国家中都检测到了这些挑剔的病原体，在北欧平原只发现了有限的各种植物，虽然在波希米亚没有检测到挑剔的病原体，与观察到的症状保持一致。而\'Ca的16SrDNA序列。P.solani保持高度保守,另外两个可变基因座（tuf和stamp）的多基因座表征揭示了整个平原的不同变异性模式。值得注意的是,中欧令人惊讶的缺乏tuf和邮票基因座的可变性，尤其是潘诺尼平原,对比它们在东欧和西欧的高度可变性，与流行病和零星发生相对应，分别。当前的研究为Ca的遗传动力学提供了有价值的见解。P.solani\'在中欧,和新发现的\'Ca的存在。A.五个国家的植物病原体(斯洛伐克，捷克共和国,奥地利,塞尔维亚,和罗马尼亚）和M.phaseolina在斯洛伐克的甜菜中。这些发现强调需要进一步调查媒介-病原体-植物宿主相互作用和疾病爆发的生态驱动因素。
