Abstract：
Nintedanib, a primary treatment for lung fibrosis, has gathered substantial attention due to its multifaceted potential. A tyrosine kinase inhibitor, nintedanib, inhibits multiple signalling receptors, including endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and ultimately inhibits fibroblast proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, nintedanib has been studied widely for other ailments like cancers and hepatic fibrosis, apart from lung disorders. Commercially, nintedanib is available as soft gelatin capsules for treatment against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Since it has very low oral bioavailability (4.7%), high doses of a drug, such as 100-150 mg, are administered, which can cause problems of gastrointestinal irritation and hepatotoxicity. The article begins with exploring the mechanism of action of nintedanib, elucidating its complex interactions within cellular pathways that govern fibrotic processes. It also emphasizes the pharmacokinetics of nintedanib, clinical trial insights, and the limitations of conventional formulations. The article mainly focuses on the emerging landscape of nanoparticle-based carriers such as hybrid liposome-exosome, nano liquid crystals, discoidal polymeric, and magnetic systems, offering promising avenues to optimize drug targeting, address its efficacy issues and minimise adverse effects. However, none of these delivery systems are commercialised, and further research is required to ensure safety and effectiveness in clinical settings. Yet, as research progresses, these advanced delivery systems promise to revolutionise the treatment landscape for various fibrotic disorders and cancers, potentially improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
摘要：
Nintedanib,肺纤维化的主要治疗方法，由于其多方面的潜力，已经引起了极大的关注。酪氨酸激酶抑制剂，Nintedanib,抑制多种信号受体，包括内皮生长因子受体（VEGFR），血小板源性生长因子受体(PDGFR),和成纤维细胞生长因子受体（FGFR），并最终抑制成纤维细胞增殖和分化。因此,尼达尼布已经被广泛研究用于其他疾病，如癌症和肝纤维化，除了肺部疾病。商业上,尼达尼布作为软明胶胶囊可用于治疗特发性肺纤维化。由于它具有非常低的口服生物利用度（4.7％），高剂量的药物，例如100-150毫克，被管理，这可能会导致胃肠道刺激和肝毒性的问题。本文首先探讨了尼达尼布的作用机制，阐明其在控制纤维化过程的细胞通路内的复杂相互作用。它还强调了尼达尼布的药代动力学，临床试验的见解，以及常规配方的局限性。本文主要关注基于纳米粒子的载体的新兴景观，如混合脂质体-外泌体，纳米液晶，盘状聚合物,和磁系统，提供有希望的途径来优化药物靶向，解决其疗效问题，尽量减少不良影响。然而,这些交付系统都没有商业化，需要进一步研究以确保临床环境的安全性和有效性。然而，随着研究的进展,这些先进的输送系统有望彻底改变各种纤维化疾病和癌症的治疗前景，有可能改善患者的预后和生活质量。
