Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of myopia in Scandinavia tends to be lower than in other parts of the world. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of myopia and its predictors in Swedish children to characterise this trend.
METHODS: A 2-year longitudinal study was conducted following a cohort of schoolchildren aged 8-16 years. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -0.50 D. The study enrolled 128 participants, 70 (55%) females with a mean age of 12.0 years (SD = 2.4).
RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of myopia during the follow-up period was 5.5%, and the incidence rate of myopia was 3.2 cases per 100 person-years. Participants with myopia at baseline exhibited a faster increase in refractive error during the follow-up period. Likewise, participants with two myopic parents exhibited a more marked change towards myopia, regardless of their initial refractive error.
CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, similar to prevalence, the incidence of myopia was low when compared with other parts of the world. These results lead us to formulate a new hypothesis that the normal emmetropisation process may be protected by low educational pressure practised in Sweden during early childhood. Further research is necessary to test this new hypothesis.
METHODS: A 2-year longitudinal study was conducted following a cohort of schoolchildren aged 8-16 years. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -0.50 D. The study enrolled 128 participants, 70 (55%) females with a mean age of 12.0 years (SD = 2.4).
RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of myopia during the follow-up period was 5.5%, and the incidence rate of myopia was 3.2 cases per 100 person-years. Participants with myopia at baseline exhibited a faster increase in refractive error during the follow-up period. Likewise, participants with two myopic parents exhibited a more marked change towards myopia, regardless of their initial refractive error.
CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, similar to prevalence, the incidence of myopia was low when compared with other parts of the world. These results lead us to formulate a new hypothesis that the normal emmetropisation process may be protected by low educational pressure practised in Sweden during early childhood. Further research is necessary to test this new hypothesis.
摘要：
目的：斯堪的纳维亚半岛的近视患病率往往低于世界其他地区。这项研究旨在调查瑞典儿童近视的发生率及其预测因素，以描述这一趋势。
方法：对8-16岁的学童进行了一项为期2年的纵向研究。近视被定义为球面等效屈光度（SER）≤-0.50D。该研究招募了128名参与者，70名（55％）女性，平均年龄为12.0岁（SD=2.4）。
结果：随访期间近视的累计发生率为5.5%，近视发生率为3.2例/100人年。基线近视的参与者在随访期间表现出更快的屈光不正增加。同样，有两个近视父母的参与者表现出更明显的近视变化，不管他们的初始屈光不正。
结论：在当前的研究中，与患病率相似，与世界其他地区相比，近视的发病率较低。这些结果使我们提出了一个新的假设，即瑞典在幼儿期实行的低教育压力可能会保护正常的生育过程。需要进一步的研究来检验这一新假设。
方法：对8-16岁的学童进行了一项为期2年的纵向研究。近视被定义为球面等效屈光度（SER）≤-0.50D。该研究招募了128名参与者，70名（55％）女性，平均年龄为12.0岁（SD=2.4）。
结果：随访期间近视的累计发生率为5.5%，近视发生率为3.2例/100人年。基线近视的参与者在随访期间表现出更快的屈光不正增加。同样，有两个近视父母的参与者表现出更明显的近视变化，不管他们的初始屈光不正。
结论：在当前的研究中，与患病率相似，与世界其他地区相比，近视的发病率较低。这些结果使我们提出了一个新的假设，即瑞典在幼儿期实行的低教育压力可能会保护正常的生育过程。需要进一步的研究来检验这一新假设。
