METHODS: A 2-year longitudinal study was conducted following a cohort of schoolchildren aged 8-16 years. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -0.50 D. The study enrolled 128 participants, 70 (55%) females with a mean age of 12.0 years (SD = 2.4).
RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of myopia during the follow-up period was 5.5%, and the incidence rate of myopia was 3.2 cases per 100 person-years. Participants with myopia at baseline exhibited a faster increase in refractive error during the follow-up period. Likewise, participants with two myopic parents exhibited a more marked change towards myopia, regardless of their initial refractive error.
CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, similar to prevalence, the incidence of myopia was low when compared with other parts of the world. These results lead us to formulate a new hypothesis that the normal emmetropisation process may be protected by low educational pressure practised in Sweden during early childhood. Further research is necessary to test this new hypothesis.
方法:对8-16岁的学童进行了一项为期2年的纵向研究。近视被定义为球面等效屈光度(SER)≤-0.50D。该研究招募了128名参与者,70名(55%)女性,平均年龄为12.0岁(SD=2.4)。
结果:随访期间近视的累计发生率为5.5%,近视发生率为3.2例/100人年。基线近视的参与者在随访期间表现出更快的屈光不正增加。同样,有两个近视父母的参与者表现出更明显的近视变化,不管他们的初始屈光不正。
结论:在当前的研究中,与患病率相似,与世界其他地区相比,近视的发病率较低。这些结果使我们提出了一个新的假设,即瑞典在幼儿期实行的低教育压力可能会保护正常的生育过程。需要进一步的研究来检验这一新假设。