PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Maturity status and relative age are two of the determining factors in talent development. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of biological maturity status and relative age on physical performance in young male and female handball players. The sample included 48 males (14.11 ± 1.17 years) and 41 females (14.25 ± 1.64 years) players from one Spanish professional handball academy. Anthropometric data (height, sitting height, body mass and self-reported biological parent heights) and physical performance data (CMJ, DJ, 20 m speed, T-test and throwing velocity) were collected. Biological maturity status was determined as the percentage of predicted adult height, while relative age was estimated in birth quartiles based on biennial age grouping (Q1-Q8). The results showed a positive correlation between maturity status and CMJ in male players (p < 0.01). Differences in CMJ performance according to maturity status were identified (p < 0.05), with higher jump heights being recorded especially in early maturing boys (p < 0.01) and first lines and wings (p < 0.05). The variance in CMJ test scores could be explained by the maturity status by 42.90% in U-15 (p < 0.05) and 72.60% in U-16 male players (p < 0.001). By contrast, no differences were found in girls (p > 0.05). Moreover, no relationships were found between relative age and indices of physical performance (p > 0.05). Overall, maturity status had greater impacts on the tests of physical performance than relative age. Stakeholders should monitor the maturity status of young handball players to avoid physical performance biases that do not allow them to develop their sporting potential.
摘要：
成熟度和相对年龄是人才发展的两个决定因素。研究的目的是分析年轻男女手球运动员的生物成熟度和相对年龄对身体表现的影响。样本包括来自西班牙一所专业手球学院的48名男性（14.11±1.17岁）和41名女性（14.25±1.64岁）球员。人体测量数据（身高，坐姿高度,体重和自我报告的生物父母身高)和物理性能数据(CMJ，DJ,20米的速度，收集T检验和投掷速度)。生物成熟度状态确定为预测的成年身高的百分比，而出生四分位数的相对年龄是根据两年一次的年龄分组（Q1-Q8）估算的。结果表明，男性球员的成熟度与CMJ呈正相关（p<0.01）。根据成熟度状态确定了CMJ性能的差异(p<0.05)，特别是在早熟男孩（p<0.01）和第一线和翅膀（p<0.05）中记录了更高的跳跃高度。CMJ测试分数的差异可以用U-15中的42.90％（p<0.05）和U-16男性球员中的72.60％（p<0.001）的成熟度状态来解释。相比之下,女生差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。此外，相对年龄与体能指标无相关性(p>0.05)。总的来说,成熟状态对体能测试的影响大于相对年龄。利益相关者应监控年轻手球运动员的成熟状态，以避免身体表现偏差，使他们无法发挥其运动潜力。
