Abstract：
Foods containing bits and pieces are often less liked by children; however, there is a limited understanding of how perceptions and preferences for foods with particles change during childhood. This study aimed to investigate preferences and perceptions of particle-containing foods in children aged 5-12 years. Children (n = 485) completed a forced-choice questionnaire on drawings of six pairs of foods, each available with or without particles. Additionally, children tasted yogurts added with muesli differing in particle size (median diameter: 3.9 or 7.5 mm) and evaluated their perception of particle size in mouth and their liking. The questionnaire results showed that children had a clear preference for foods without particles. The average probability of choosing the \'with-particle\' foods was 28%, significantly below the midpoint of 50% (p < .0001). Preferences for particle-containing foods were lowest at age six and increased significantly with age (p = .0007). In the taste test, muesli particle size affected oral size perception (p < .0001) but not liking (p = .60). Older children were better able to differentiate particle size than younger children. However, there was no relationship between individual preferences for particle-containing foods and oral size perception of muesli particles. The observation that children\'s texture preferences changed with age highlights the role of increased experience in shaping preferences for foods with particles.
摘要：
含有零碎食物的食物通常不太被孩子们喜欢；然而，对于儿童时期对含有颗粒的食物的感知和偏好如何变化的理解有限。这项研究旨在调查5-12岁儿童对含颗粒食物的偏好和看法。儿童（n=485）完成了一份关于六对食物图纸的强制选择问卷，每个可用的有或没有粒子。此外,儿童品尝添加了不同颗粒大小（中值直径：3.9或7.5mm）的麦片的酸奶，并评估了他们对口中颗粒大小的感知和喜好。问卷结果显示，儿童对无颗粒的食物有明显的偏好。选择带有颗粒的食物的平均概率为28%，显著低于50%的中点(p<0.0001)。对含颗粒食物的偏好在6岁时最低，并随着年龄的增长而显著增加（p=.0007）。在味觉测试中，麦片颗粒大小影响口腔大小感知(p<.0001),但不喜欢(p=.60)。年龄较大的儿童比年龄较小的儿童能够更好地区分颗粒大小。然而,个体对含颗粒食物的偏好与口服麦片颗粒的大小感知之间没有关系.儿童的质地偏好随着年龄的增长而变化的观察结果突出了增加的经验在塑造对带有颗粒的食物的偏好方面的作用。
