Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety have been suggested to be associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in observational studies. However, the causal association and the direction in the relationship between depression/anxiety and TMD remain unknown.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the potential causal relationship between depression/anxiety and TMD with two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR).
METHODS: Summary statistics of depression (N = 500 199), anxiety disorder (N = 17 310) and TMD (N = 195 930) were sourced from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The primary Mendelian randomization (MR) estimation employed the inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis (IVW). Additional MR sensitivity methods and multivariate MR (MVMR) were applied to address pleiotropy.
RESULTS: IVW results indicated a causal effect of genetically predicted depression on TMD (OR = 1.887, 95% CI = 1.504-2.367, p < .001), which was supported by other sensitivity MR approaches. MVMR results suggested that the negative effect of depression on TMD persisted after conditioning on other potential confounders. The association of anxiety disorder with TMD was not supported by our findings. In the reverse direction, we did not find compelling evidence suggesting the causal effect of TMD on depression and anxiety disorder.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests a potential causal association between genetic liability for depression and the risk of TMD. Our MR findings align with prior epidemiological research, underscoring the significance of early detection and prevention of depression in the treatment of TMD.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the potential causal relationship between depression/anxiety and TMD with two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR).
METHODS: Summary statistics of depression (N = 500 199), anxiety disorder (N = 17 310) and TMD (N = 195 930) were sourced from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The primary Mendelian randomization (MR) estimation employed the inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis (IVW). Additional MR sensitivity methods and multivariate MR (MVMR) were applied to address pleiotropy.
RESULTS: IVW results indicated a causal effect of genetically predicted depression on TMD (OR = 1.887, 95% CI = 1.504-2.367, p < .001), which was supported by other sensitivity MR approaches. MVMR results suggested that the negative effect of depression on TMD persisted after conditioning on other potential confounders. The association of anxiety disorder with TMD was not supported by our findings. In the reverse direction, we did not find compelling evidence suggesting the causal effect of TMD on depression and anxiety disorder.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests a potential causal association between genetic liability for depression and the risk of TMD. Our MR findings align with prior epidemiological research, underscoring the significance of early detection and prevention of depression in the treatment of TMD.
摘要：
背景：观察性研究表明，抑郁和焦虑与颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）有关。然而,抑郁/焦虑与TMD之间的因果关系和关系方向尚不清楚.
目的：本研究通过双样本双向孟德尔随机化（MR）研究了抑郁/焦虑与TMD之间的潜在因果关系。
方法：抑郁症的汇总统计（N=500199），焦虑症(N=17310)和TMD(N=195930)来源于大规模全基因组关联研究(GWAS).主要孟德尔随机化（MR）估计采用逆方差加权荟萃分析（IVW）。应用其他MR敏感性方法和多变量MR（MVMR）来解决多效性。
结果：IVW结果表明遗传预测的抑郁症对TMD的因果效应（OR=1.887，95％CI=1.504-2.367，p<.001），这得到了其他敏感性MR方法的支持。MVMR结果表明，在调节其他潜在的混杂因素后，抑郁症对TMD的负面影响仍然存在。我们的发现不支持焦虑症与TMD的关联。在相反的方向，我们没有发现令人信服的证据表明TMD对抑郁和焦虑障碍有因果关系.
结论：本研究提示抑郁症的遗传倾向与TMD风险之间存在潜在的因果关系。我们的MR研究结果与之前的流行病学研究一致，强调早期发现和预防抑郁症在TMD治疗中的意义。
目的：本研究通过双样本双向孟德尔随机化（MR）研究了抑郁/焦虑与TMD之间的潜在因果关系。
方法：抑郁症的汇总统计（N=500199），焦虑症(N=17310)和TMD(N=195930)来源于大规模全基因组关联研究(GWAS).主要孟德尔随机化（MR）估计采用逆方差加权荟萃分析（IVW）。应用其他MR敏感性方法和多变量MR（MVMR）来解决多效性。
结果：IVW结果表明遗传预测的抑郁症对TMD的因果效应（OR=1.887，95％CI=1.504-2.367，p<.001），这得到了其他敏感性MR方法的支持。MVMR结果表明，在调节其他潜在的混杂因素后，抑郁症对TMD的负面影响仍然存在。我们的发现不支持焦虑症与TMD的关联。在相反的方向，我们没有发现令人信服的证据表明TMD对抑郁和焦虑障碍有因果关系.
结论：本研究提示抑郁症的遗传倾向与TMD风险之间存在潜在的因果关系。我们的MR研究结果与之前的流行病学研究一致，强调早期发现和预防抑郁症在TMD治疗中的意义。
