Abstract：
BACKGROUND: While seasonality of hospital-acquired infections, including incisional SSI after orthopaedic surgery, is recognized, the seasonality of incisional SSI after general and gastroenterological surgeries remains unclear.
METHODS: This retrospective single-institute observational study analysed the seasonality and risk factors of incisional SSI after general and gastroenterological surgeries using univariate and multivariable analyses. The evaluated variables included age, sex, surgical approach, surgical urgency, operation time, wound classification, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS).
RESULTS: 8,436 patients were enrolled. General surgeries (n=2,241) showed a pronounced SSI incidence in summer (3.9%; odds ratio [OR] 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-3.27; p=0.025) compared to other seasons (2.1%). Conversely, gastroenterological surgeries (n=6,195) showed a higher incidence in winter (8.3%; OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.10-1.73; p=0.005) than in other seasons (6.1%). Summer for general surgery (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.12-3.24; p=0.018) and winter for gastroenterological surgery (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.17-1.82; p=0.001) emerged as independent risk factors for incisional SSI. Open surgery (OR, 2.72; 95% CI 1.73-4.29, p<0.001) and an ASA-PS score ≥3 (OR, 1.64; 95% CI 1.08-2.50, p=0.021) were independent risk factors for incisional SSI in patients undergoing gastroenterological surgery during winter.
CONCLUSIONS: Seasonality exists in the incisional SSI incidence following general and gastroenterological surgeries. Recognizing these trends may help enhance preventive strategies, highlighting the elevated risk in summer for general surgery and in winter for gastroenterological surgery.
METHODS: This retrospective single-institute observational study analysed the seasonality and risk factors of incisional SSI after general and gastroenterological surgeries using univariate and multivariable analyses. The evaluated variables included age, sex, surgical approach, surgical urgency, operation time, wound classification, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS).
RESULTS: 8,436 patients were enrolled. General surgeries (n=2,241) showed a pronounced SSI incidence in summer (3.9%; odds ratio [OR] 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-3.27; p=0.025) compared to other seasons (2.1%). Conversely, gastroenterological surgeries (n=6,195) showed a higher incidence in winter (8.3%; OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.10-1.73; p=0.005) than in other seasons (6.1%). Summer for general surgery (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.12-3.24; p=0.018) and winter for gastroenterological surgery (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.17-1.82; p=0.001) emerged as independent risk factors for incisional SSI. Open surgery (OR, 2.72; 95% CI 1.73-4.29, p<0.001) and an ASA-PS score ≥3 (OR, 1.64; 95% CI 1.08-2.50, p=0.021) were independent risk factors for incisional SSI in patients undergoing gastroenterological surgery during winter.
CONCLUSIONS: Seasonality exists in the incisional SSI incidence following general and gastroenterological surgeries. Recognizing these trends may help enhance preventive strategies, highlighting the elevated risk in summer for general surgery and in winter for gastroenterological surgery.
摘要：
背景：虽然医院获得性感染的季节性，包括骨科手术后的切口SSI，被认可，普通和胃肠手术后切口SSI的季节性仍不清楚.
方法：这项回顾性单研究所观察性研究使用单变量和多变量分析分析了普通和胃肠手术后切口SSI的季节性和危险因素。评估的变量包括年龄，性别,手术方法,手术紧迫性,操作时间,伤口分类，和美国麻醉医师协会的身体状况（ASA-PS）。
结果：纳入了8,436例患者。与其他季节（2.1％）相比，普通外科手术（n=2,241）在夏季表现出明显的SSI发生率（3.9％；比值比[OR]1.87；95％置信区间[CI]1.05-3.27；p=0.025）。相反，胃肠外科手术(n=6,195)在冬季的发病率(8.3%;OR1.38;95%CI1.10-1.73;p=0.005)高于其他季节(6.1%)。夏季普外科手术（OR1.90；95％CI1.12-3.24；p=0.018）和冬季胃肠外科手术（OR1.46；95％CI1.17-1.82；p=0.001）是切口SSI的独立危险因素。开放手术（或，2.72；95%CI1.73-4.29，p<0.001）和ASA-PS评分≥3（OR，1.64；95％CI1.08-2.50，p=0.021）是冬季接受胃肠外科手术的患者切口SSI的独立危险因素。
结论：一般和胃肠病手术后的切口SSI发生率存在季节性。认识到这些趋势可能有助于加强预防战略，强调夏季普外科手术和冬季胃肠外科手术的风险升高。
方法：这项回顾性单研究所观察性研究使用单变量和多变量分析分析了普通和胃肠手术后切口SSI的季节性和危险因素。评估的变量包括年龄，性别,手术方法,手术紧迫性,操作时间,伤口分类，和美国麻醉医师协会的身体状况（ASA-PS）。
结果：纳入了8,436例患者。与其他季节（2.1％）相比，普通外科手术（n=2,241）在夏季表现出明显的SSI发生率（3.9％；比值比[OR]1.87；95％置信区间[CI]1.05-3.27；p=0.025）。相反，胃肠外科手术(n=6,195)在冬季的发病率(8.3%;OR1.38;95%CI1.10-1.73;p=0.005)高于其他季节(6.1%)。夏季普外科手术（OR1.90；95％CI1.12-3.24；p=0.018）和冬季胃肠外科手术（OR1.46；95％CI1.17-1.82；p=0.001）是切口SSI的独立危险因素。开放手术（或，2.72；95%CI1.73-4.29，p<0.001）和ASA-PS评分≥3（OR，1.64；95％CI1.08-2.50，p=0.021）是冬季接受胃肠外科手术的患者切口SSI的独立危险因素。
结论：一般和胃肠病手术后的切口SSI发生率存在季节性。认识到这些趋势可能有助于加强预防战略，强调夏季普外科手术和冬季胃肠外科手术的风险升高。
