Abstract：
Lactobacillus species are common inhabitants of the \'healthy\' female urinary and vaginal communities, often associated with a lack of symptoms in both anatomical sites. Given identification by prior studies of similar bacterial species in both communities, it has been hypothesized that the two microbiotas are in fact connected. Here, we carried out whole-genome sequencing of 49 Lactobacillus strains, including 16 paired urogenital samples from the same participant. These strains represent five different Lactobacillus species: L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. iners, L. jensenii, and L. paragasseri. Average nucleotide identity (ANI), alignment, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and CRISPR comparisons between strains from the same participant were performed. We conducted simulations of genome assemblies and ANI comparisons and present a statistical method to distinguish between unrelated, related, and identical strains. We found that 50 % of the paired samples have identical strains, evidence that the urinary and vaginal communities are connected. Additionally, we found evidence of strains sharing a common ancestor. These results establish that microbial sharing between the urinary tract and vagina is not limited to uropathogens. Knowledge that these two anatomical sites can share lactobacilli in females can inform future clinical approaches.
摘要：
乳酸菌是“健康”女性泌尿和阴道社区的常见居民，通常与两个解剖部位缺乏症状有关。鉴于先前对两个群落中相似细菌物种的研究的鉴定，据推测，这两种微生物实际上是相连的。这里,我们对49株乳酸菌进行了全基因组测序，包括来自同一参与者的16个配对的泌尿生殖器样本。这些菌株代表了五种不同的乳杆菌：L.crispatus，L.Gasseri,L.iners,L.jensenii,还有L.paragasseri.平均核苷酸同一性（ANI），对齐,单核苷酸多态性（SNP），和CRISPR比较来自同一参与者的菌株。我们进行了基因组组装和ANI比较的模拟，并提出了一种统计方法来区分不相关的，相关,和相同的菌株。我们发现配对的样本中有50％具有相同的菌株，有证据表明泌尿和阴道是有联系的.此外,我们发现了菌株有共同祖先的证据.这些结果确定泌尿道和阴道之间的微生物共享不限于尿病原体。知道这两个解剖部位可以在女性中共享乳杆菌可以为未来的临床方法提供信息。
