Abstract：
Background: Despite its popularity, evidence of the effectiveness of Psychological First Aid (PFA) is scarce.Objective: To assess whether PFA, compared to psychoeducation (PsyEd), an attention placebo control, reduces PTSD and depressive symptoms three months post-intervention.Methods: In two emergency departments, 166 recent-trauma adult survivors were randomised to a single session of PFA (n = 78) (active listening, breathing retraining, categorisation of needs, assisted referral to social networks, and PsyEd) or stand-alone PsyEd (n = 88). PTSD and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline (T0), one (T1), and three months post-intervention (T2) with the PTSD Checklist (PCL-C at T0 and PCL-S at T1/T2) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Self-reported side effects, post-trauma increased alcohol/substance consumption and interpersonal conflicts, and use of psychotropics, psychotherapy, sick leave, and complementary/alternative medicine were also explored.Results: 86 participants (51.81% of those randomised) dropped out at T2. A significant proportion of participants in the PsyEd group also received PFA components (i.e. contamination). From T0 to T2, we did not find a significant advantage of PFA in reducing PTSD (p = .148) or depressive symptoms (p = .201). However, we found a significant dose-response effect between the number of delivered components, session duration, and PTSD symptom reduction. No significant difference in self-reported adverse effects was found. At T2, a smaller proportion of participants assigned to PFA reported increased consumption of alcohol/substances (OR = 0.09, p = .003), interpersonal conflicts (OR = 0.27, p = .014), and having used psychotropics (OR = 0.23, p = .013) or sick leave (OR = 0.11, p = .047).Conclusions: Three months post-intervention, we did not find evidence that PFA outperforms PsyEd in reducing PTSD or depressive symptoms. Contamination may have affected our results. PFA, nonetheless, appears to be promising in modifying some post-trauma behaviours. Further research is needed.
Psychological First Aid (PFA) is widely recommended early after trauma.We assessed PFA\'s effectiveness for decreasing PTSD symptoms and other problems 3 months post-trauma.We didn\'t find definitive evidence of PFA’s effectiveness. Still, it seems to be a safe intervention.
Psychological First Aid (PFA) is widely recommended early after trauma.We assessed PFA\'s effectiveness for decreasing PTSD symptoms and other problems 3 months post-trauma.We didn\'t find definitive evidence of PFA’s effectiveness. Still, it seems to be a safe intervention.
摘要：
背景：尽管它很受欢迎，缺乏关于心理急救（PFA）有效性的证据。目的：评估PFA，与心理教育相比，注意安慰剂对照，干预后3个月可减少PTSD和抑郁症状。方法:在两个急诊科,166名近期创伤的成年幸存者被随机分配到一次PFA(n=78)(主动倾听，呼吸再训练,需求分类，协助转介社交网络，和PsyEd）或独立的PsyEd（n=88）。在基线（T0）评估PTSD和抑郁症状，一（T1），以及干预后三个月（T2），使用PTSD清单（T0时的PCL-C和T1/T2时的PCL-S）和贝克抑郁量表-II（BDI-II）。自我报告的副作用,创伤后酒精/物质消耗和人际冲突增加，和使用精神药物，心理治疗,病假,和补充/替代医学也进行了探索。结果：86名参与者（随机分组的51.81％）在T2时退出。PsyEd组的很大一部分参与者也接受了PFA成分（即污染）。从T0到T2，我们没有发现PFA在减少PTSD（p=.148）或抑郁症状（p=.201）方面的显着优势。然而,我们发现了一个显著的剂量反应效应之间的输送成分的数量，会话持续时间,和减轻创伤后应激障碍症状。自我报告的不良反应没有显着差异。在T2时，分配给PFA的参与者的较小比例报告酒精/物质的消费量增加（OR=0.09，p=.003），人际冲突(OR=0.27，p=0.014)，并使用过精神药物（OR=0.23，p=0.013）或病假（OR=0.11，p=0.047）。结论：干预后三个月，我们没有发现证据表明PFA在减轻PTSD或抑郁症状方面优于PsyEd.污染可能影响了我们的结果。PFA,尽管如此,似乎有希望改变一些创伤后的行为。需要进一步的研究。
创伤后早期广泛推荐心理急救（PFA）。我们评估了PFA减轻创伤后3个月PTSD症状和其他问题的有效性。我们没有找到PFA有效性的确切证据。尽管如此，这似乎是一个安全的干预。
创伤后早期广泛推荐心理急救（PFA）。我们评估了PFA减轻创伤后3个月PTSD症状和其他问题的有效性。我们没有找到PFA有效性的确切证据。尽管如此，这似乎是一个安全的干预。
