PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Biological sex is an important modifier of physiology and influences pathobiology in many diseases. While heart disease is the number one cause of death worldwide in both men and women, sex differences exist at the organ and cellular scales, affecting clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. In this Review, we highlight baseline sex differences in cardiac structure, function, and cellular signaling and discuss the contribution of sex hormones and chromosomes to these characteristics. The heart is a remarkably plastic organ and rapidly responds to physiological and pathological cues by modifying form and function. The nature and extent of cardiac remodeling in response to these stimuli are often dependent on biological sex. We discuss organ- and molecular-level sex differences in adaptive physiological remodeling and pathological cardiac remodeling from pressure and volume overload, ischemia, and genetic heart disease. Finally, we offer a perspective on key future directions for research into cardiac sex differences.
摘要：
生物性别是生理的重要调节剂，并影响许多疾病的病理生物学。虽然心脏病是全球男性和女性死亡的头号原因，在器官和细胞尺度上存在性别差异，影响临床表现，诊断,和治疗。在这篇评论中,我们强调了心脏结构的基线性别差异，函数,和细胞信号传导，并讨论性激素和染色体对这些特征的贡献。心脏是一个明显的可塑性器官，通过改变形式和功能对生理和病理线索迅速做出反应。响应这些刺激的心脏重塑的性质和程度通常取决于生物学性别。我们讨论了压力和容量超负荷在适应性生理重塑和病理性心脏重塑中的器官和分子水平的性别差异，缺血,和遗传性心脏病。最后,我们提供了心脏性别差异研究的关键未来方向的观点.
