PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Inhibitory control is a crucial cognitive-control ability for behavioral flexibility that has been extensively investigated through action-stopping tasks. Multiple neurophysiological features have been proposed to represent \'signatures\' of inhibitory control during action-stopping, though the processes signified by these signatures are still controversially discussed. The present study aimed to disentangle these processes by comparing simple stopping situations with those in which additional action revisions were needed. Three experiments in female and male humans were performed to characterize the neurophysiological dynamics involved in action-stopping and - changing, with hypotheses derived from recently developed two-stage \'pause-then-cancel\' models of inhibitory control. Both stopping and revising an action triggered an early broad \'pause\'-process, marked by frontal EEG β-bursts and non-selective suppression of corticospinal excitability. However, partial-EMG responses showed that motor activity was only partially inhibited by this \'pause\', and that this activity can be further modulated during action-revision. In line with two-stage models of inhibitory control, subsequent frontocentral EEG activity after this initial \'pause\' selectively scaled depending on the required action revisions, with more activity observed for more complex revisions. This demonstrates the presence of a selective, effector-specific \'retune\' phase as the second process involved in action-stopping and -revision. Together, these findings show that inhibitory control is implemented over an extended period of time and in at least two phases. We are further able to align the most commonly proposed neurophysiological signatures to these phases and show that they are differentially modulated by the complexity of action-revision.
摘要：
抑制控制是行为灵活性的关键认知控制能力，已通过动作停止任务进行了广泛研究。已经提出了多种神经生理学特征来表示动作停止过程中抑制控制的“特征”，尽管这些签名所代表的过程仍有争议地讨论。本研究旨在通过将简单的停止情况与需要进行其他动作修改的情况进行比较来解开这些过程。在女性和男性中进行了三个实验，以表征与动作停止和改变有关的神经生理动力学，假设来自最近开发的两阶段“暂停然后取消”抑制控制模型。停止和修改动作都触发了早期广泛的“暂停”过程，以额叶脑电图β-爆发和皮质脊髓兴奋性的非选择性抑制为标志。然而,部分肌电图反应表明，运动活动仅部分受到这种“暂停”的抑制，并且在动作修正期间可以进一步调节这种活动。与抑制控制的两阶段模型一致，根据所需的动作修订，在此初始“暂停”后，随后的额中央EEG活动有选择地缩放，对于更复杂的修订，观察到更多的活动。这表明存在选择性的，特定于效应器的\'retune\'阶段，作为操作停止和修订中涉及的第二个过程。一起,这些发现表明，抑制控制是在延长的时间和至少两个阶段实施的。我们还能够将最常见的神经生理特征与这些阶段对齐，并表明它们受到动作修正复杂性的不同调节。
■抑制控制是人类可以调节其行为的最重要的控制过程之一。已经提出了多种神经生理学特征来反映抑制性控制。然而,这些在不同的时间尺度上发挥作用，似乎反映了认知控制的不同方面，有争议的辩论。最近的两阶段抑制控制模型提出了两个阶段实施动作的修订：“暂停”和“重新调整”。这里,我们为这一命题提供了第一个经验证据：行动修订产生了一个常见的初始低延迟\“暂停\”，在此期间，运动活动被广泛抑制。后来的活动，然而,区分简单的动作停止和更复杂的动作修订。这些发现为人类动作控制的顺序动力学提供了新的见解。
■抑制控制是人类可以调节其行为的最重要的控制过程之一。已经提出了多种神经生理学特征来反映抑制性控制。然而,这些在不同的时间尺度上发挥作用，似乎反映了认知控制的不同方面，有争议的辩论。最近的两阶段抑制控制模型提出了两个阶段实施动作的修订：“暂停”和“重新调整”。这里,我们为这一命题提供了第一个经验证据：行动修订产生了一个常见的初始低延迟\“暂停\”，在此期间，运动活动被广泛抑制。后来的活动，然而,区分简单的动作停止和更复杂的动作修订。这些发现为人类动作控制的顺序动力学提供了新的见解。
