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Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) refers to any uterine bleeding in a menopausal women. In the early menopausal years, endometrial hyperplasia, polyps and submucosal fibroids are common etiologies of post menopausal bleeding. The most common cause of postmenopausal bleeding is endometrial atrophy, comprises of 60-80%, while endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer contribute to only 11% of Post menopausal bleeding. The aim of study is to analyses histomorphological pattern of endometrium in patients presenting with post-menopausal bleeding in Jharkhand.
UNASSIGNED: 103 postmenopausal women presenting to tertiary center of Jharkhand in 2020-22 with bleeding were subjected to endometrial curettage for histopathology. Analysis is based on morphological criteria to assess endometrium. Endometrial histology is of four categories: Proliferative, Secretory, premalignant and carcinoma.
UNASSIGNED: The highest incidence of postmenopausal bleeding was noticed in age group of < 60 years and incidence of malignancy was higher after 57 years of age. The majority of patients had parity between 1 and 3 (78.6%). Malignant & premalignant lesions comprises about 22.3% among that 77.7% were due to benign causes. Among the benign causes of postmenopausal bleeding, proliferative endometrium was the commonest finding. Types of hyperplasia encountered were simple hyperplasia without atypia (6.8%), Complex hyperplasia without atypia (3.9%),Complex hyperplasia with atypia (4.8%) and Simple hyperplasia with atypia (4.8%). 21.4% of cases of postmenopausal bleeding were associated with atrophic endometrium. Secretory endometrium seen in 17.5% of women. Endometrial carcinoma accounted for 12.6% of cases of postmenopausal bleeding. Out of these 69.2% were of endometroid type of endometrial carcinoma, 15.3% were of papillary serous carcinoma and 15.3% had clear cell carcinoma. The mean age of patients with endometrium carcinoma was 62.3 years. All cases of endometrial carcinoma were associated with 1 or more risk factor like diabetes/hypertension/Nulligravida.
UNASSIGNED: Proliferative Endometrium was a major cause of postmenopausal bleeding. Among the malignant causes, endometrial adenocarcinoma of endometroid type was most frequent with a lower mean age at presentation than other high grade cancers like papillary serous carcinoma & clear cell carcinoma.
UNASSIGNED: 103 postmenopausal women presenting to tertiary center of Jharkhand in 2020-22 with bleeding were subjected to endometrial curettage for histopathology. Analysis is based on morphological criteria to assess endometrium. Endometrial histology is of four categories: Proliferative, Secretory, premalignant and carcinoma.
UNASSIGNED: The highest incidence of postmenopausal bleeding was noticed in age group of < 60 years and incidence of malignancy was higher after 57 years of age. The majority of patients had parity between 1 and 3 (78.6%). Malignant & premalignant lesions comprises about 22.3% among that 77.7% were due to benign causes. Among the benign causes of postmenopausal bleeding, proliferative endometrium was the commonest finding. Types of hyperplasia encountered were simple hyperplasia without atypia (6.8%), Complex hyperplasia without atypia (3.9%),Complex hyperplasia with atypia (4.8%) and Simple hyperplasia with atypia (4.8%). 21.4% of cases of postmenopausal bleeding were associated with atrophic endometrium. Secretory endometrium seen in 17.5% of women. Endometrial carcinoma accounted for 12.6% of cases of postmenopausal bleeding. Out of these 69.2% were of endometroid type of endometrial carcinoma, 15.3% were of papillary serous carcinoma and 15.3% had clear cell carcinoma. The mean age of patients with endometrium carcinoma was 62.3 years. All cases of endometrial carcinoma were associated with 1 or more risk factor like diabetes/hypertension/Nulligravida.
UNASSIGNED: Proliferative Endometrium was a major cause of postmenopausal bleeding. Among the malignant causes, endometrial adenocarcinoma of endometroid type was most frequent with a lower mean age at presentation than other high grade cancers like papillary serous carcinoma & clear cell carcinoma.
摘要：
■绝经后出血（PMB）是指绝经妇女的任何子宫出血。在更年期早期，子宫内膜增生,息肉和粘膜下肌瘤是绝经后出血的常见病因。绝经后出血最常见的原因是子宫内膜萎缩，占60-80%,而子宫内膜增生和子宫内膜癌仅占绝经后出血的11%。研究的目的是分析Jharkhand绝经后出血患者子宫内膜的组织形态学模式。
■103名在2020-22年因出血进入贾坎德邦三级中心的绝经后妇女接受了子宫内膜刮治的组织病理学检查。分析基于形态学标准来评估子宫内膜。子宫内膜组织学分为四类：增生性，秘书,癌前和癌。
■绝经后出血发生率最高的是60岁以下年龄组，57岁以后恶性肿瘤发生率较高。大多数患者的奇偶校验在1至3之间（78.6％）。恶性和癌前病变占22.3％，其中77.7％是由于良性原因。在绝经后出血的良性原因中，增生性子宫内膜是最常见的发现.遇到的增生类型为单纯性增生，无异型（6.8％），无异型性的复杂增生（3.9%），复杂性增生伴不典型（4.8%）和单纯性增生伴不典型（4.8%）。21.4％的绝经后出血病例与子宫内膜萎缩有关。17.5％的女性可见分泌性子宫内膜。子宫内膜癌占绝经后出血病例的12.6%。其中69.2%是子宫内膜型子宫内膜癌，15.3％为乳头状浆液性癌，15.3％为透明细胞癌。子宫内膜癌患者的平均年龄为62.3岁。所有子宫内膜癌病例均与1个或多个危险因素相关，如糖尿病/高血压/Nulligravida。
■增殖性子宫内膜是绝经后出血的主要原因。在恶性原因中，与其他高级别癌症如乳头状浆液性癌和透明细胞癌相比,内膜型子宫内膜腺癌最常见,平均年龄较低.
■103名在2020-22年因出血进入贾坎德邦三级中心的绝经后妇女接受了子宫内膜刮治的组织病理学检查。分析基于形态学标准来评估子宫内膜。子宫内膜组织学分为四类：增生性，秘书,癌前和癌。
■绝经后出血发生率最高的是60岁以下年龄组，57岁以后恶性肿瘤发生率较高。大多数患者的奇偶校验在1至3之间（78.6％）。恶性和癌前病变占22.3％，其中77.7％是由于良性原因。在绝经后出血的良性原因中，增生性子宫内膜是最常见的发现.遇到的增生类型为单纯性增生，无异型（6.8％），无异型性的复杂增生（3.9%），复杂性增生伴不典型（4.8%）和单纯性增生伴不典型（4.8%）。21.4％的绝经后出血病例与子宫内膜萎缩有关。17.5％的女性可见分泌性子宫内膜。子宫内膜癌占绝经后出血病例的12.6%。其中69.2%是子宫内膜型子宫内膜癌，15.3％为乳头状浆液性癌，15.3％为透明细胞癌。子宫内膜癌患者的平均年龄为62.3岁。所有子宫内膜癌病例均与1个或多个危险因素相关，如糖尿病/高血压/Nulligravida。
■增殖性子宫内膜是绝经后出血的主要原因。在恶性原因中，与其他高级别癌症如乳头状浆液性癌和透明细胞癌相比,内膜型子宫内膜腺癌最常见,平均年龄较低.
