PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: To experimentally validate the effects of a self-developed heat-stable thickening agent on the textual characteristics of enteral nutrition solutions of standard concentration and its applicability in improving dysphagia.
UNASSIGNED: A gradient of different doses of the self-developed thickening agent (1.0 g, 1.5 g, 2.0 g, 2.5 g, and3.0 g) and three commonly used commercial thickeners were mixed with 23.391 g of a complete nutrition formula powder dissolved in 85 mL of purified water to prepare 100 mL standard concentration nutrition solutions. The textual parameters (cohesiveness, viscosity, thickness, and hardness) of these nutrition solutions were measured using a texture analyzer at various temperature gradients (20 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃, and 80 ℃) to compare their thermal stability. A dysphagia rat model was created via epiglottectomy to explore the effects of the thickener on lung tissue damage scores and levels of inflammatory markers. The rats were divided into a test intervention group, a positive control group, a negative control group, and a blank control group (no surgery and normal feeding after fasting for one day), with 15 rats in each group. After fasting for one day post-surgery, the test intervention group was fed with the standard concentration nutrition solution thickened with the self-developed thickener, while the positive control group was given a standard concentration nutrition solution thickened with product 3, and the negative control group was fed a normal diet. All groups were fed for two weeks with food dyed with food-grade green dye. General conditions, body mass, and food intake were observed and recorded. After two weeks, abdominal aorta blood was collected, and heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney tissues were harvested and weighed to calculate the lung tissue organ coefficient. The organ conditions were evaluated using routine H&E staining, and lung damage was semi-quantitatively analyzed based on the Mikawa scoring criteria. Blood supernatants were collected to measure the total serum protein and albumin levels to determine the nutritional status of the rats. The expression of IL-6 and TNF-α genes in lung tissues was measured by RT-qPCR. IL-6 and TNF-α protein expression levels in lung tissues, lung tissue homogenate, and serum were measured by ELISA. The aspiration incidence rate was calculated.
UNASSIGNED: Within the dosage range of 1.0 g to 3.0 g, the self-developed thickener in the test samples exhibited superior thermal stability in cohesiveness compared to the three commercially available thickeners, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.01). The differences in the thermal stability of viscosity and hardness between the self-developed thickener and the three commercially available thickeners were not statistically significant. The viscosity stability was optimal for the self-developed thickener, followed by the commercially available thickeners 1 and 3, with thickeners 2 being the least stable, though the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Product 1 showed the best thermal stability in thickness, followed by the self-developed thickener and product 2, while the product 3 exhibited the worst performance, with the difference being statistically significant (P<0.01). The self-developed thickener had the best thermal stability in hardness at temperatures ranging from 20℃ to 80 ℃, followed by products 1 and 2, with product 3 being the least stable. However, the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Animal experiment results indicated that the body weight gain in the positive control group and the test intervention group was lower than that in the blank and negative control groups (P<0.01). The spleen coefficient of the intervention group was lower than that of the positive control group and the blank control group (P<0.01), while the heart, liver, and kidney coefficients were lower than those of the blank control group (P<0.01). The differences in the lung coefficient of the intervention group and those of the other three groups were no statistically significant. Levels of TP and ALB in the test intervention group, the positive control group, and the negative control group were all lower than those in the blank control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.01). ELISA results showed that serum IL-6 levels in the blank and test intervention groups were lower than those in the negative and positive control groups (P<0.05), while the difference in the other indicators across the four groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among the four groups in terms of lung tissue damage pathology scores, or in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression in lung tissues. The aspiration incidence rate was 0% in all groups.
UNASSIGNED: The self-developed enteral nutrition thickening agent demonstrated excellent thermal stability and swallowing safety. Further research to explore its application in patients with dysphagia is warranted.
UNASSIGNED: A gradient of different doses of the self-developed thickening agent (1.0 g, 1.5 g, 2.0 g, 2.5 g, and3.0 g) and three commonly used commercial thickeners were mixed with 23.391 g of a complete nutrition formula powder dissolved in 85 mL of purified water to prepare 100 mL standard concentration nutrition solutions. The textual parameters (cohesiveness, viscosity, thickness, and hardness) of these nutrition solutions were measured using a texture analyzer at various temperature gradients (20 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃, and 80 ℃) to compare their thermal stability. A dysphagia rat model was created via epiglottectomy to explore the effects of the thickener on lung tissue damage scores and levels of inflammatory markers. The rats were divided into a test intervention group, a positive control group, a negative control group, and a blank control group (no surgery and normal feeding after fasting for one day), with 15 rats in each group. After fasting for one day post-surgery, the test intervention group was fed with the standard concentration nutrition solution thickened with the self-developed thickener, while the positive control group was given a standard concentration nutrition solution thickened with product 3, and the negative control group was fed a normal diet. All groups were fed for two weeks with food dyed with food-grade green dye. General conditions, body mass, and food intake were observed and recorded. After two weeks, abdominal aorta blood was collected, and heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney tissues were harvested and weighed to calculate the lung tissue organ coefficient. The organ conditions were evaluated using routine H&E staining, and lung damage was semi-quantitatively analyzed based on the Mikawa scoring criteria. Blood supernatants were collected to measure the total serum protein and albumin levels to determine the nutritional status of the rats. The expression of IL-6 and TNF-α genes in lung tissues was measured by RT-qPCR. IL-6 and TNF-α protein expression levels in lung tissues, lung tissue homogenate, and serum were measured by ELISA. The aspiration incidence rate was calculated.
UNASSIGNED: Within the dosage range of 1.0 g to 3.0 g, the self-developed thickener in the test samples exhibited superior thermal stability in cohesiveness compared to the three commercially available thickeners, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.01). The differences in the thermal stability of viscosity and hardness between the self-developed thickener and the three commercially available thickeners were not statistically significant. The viscosity stability was optimal for the self-developed thickener, followed by the commercially available thickeners 1 and 3, with thickeners 2 being the least stable, though the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Product 1 showed the best thermal stability in thickness, followed by the self-developed thickener and product 2, while the product 3 exhibited the worst performance, with the difference being statistically significant (P<0.01). The self-developed thickener had the best thermal stability in hardness at temperatures ranging from 20℃ to 80 ℃, followed by products 1 and 2, with product 3 being the least stable. However, the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Animal experiment results indicated that the body weight gain in the positive control group and the test intervention group was lower than that in the blank and negative control groups (P<0.01). The spleen coefficient of the intervention group was lower than that of the positive control group and the blank control group (P<0.01), while the heart, liver, and kidney coefficients were lower than those of the blank control group (P<0.01). The differences in the lung coefficient of the intervention group and those of the other three groups were no statistically significant. Levels of TP and ALB in the test intervention group, the positive control group, and the negative control group were all lower than those in the blank control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.01). ELISA results showed that serum IL-6 levels in the blank and test intervention groups were lower than those in the negative and positive control groups (P<0.05), while the difference in the other indicators across the four groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among the four groups in terms of lung tissue damage pathology scores, or in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression in lung tissues. The aspiration incidence rate was 0% in all groups.
UNASSIGNED: The self-developed enteral nutrition thickening agent demonstrated excellent thermal stability and swallowing safety. Further research to explore its application in patients with dysphagia is warranted.
摘要：
■通过实验验证自行开发的热稳定增稠剂对标准浓度的肠内营养溶液的文字特征的影响及其在改善吞咽困难方面的适用性。
■不同剂量的自行研制的增稠剂（1.0g，1.5g,2.0g,2.5g,和3.0g）和三种常用的商业增稠剂与溶解在85mL纯净水中的23.391g完全营养配方粉混合，以制备100mL标准浓度的营养液。文本参数(凝聚力，粘度,厚度,和硬度）使用质地分析仪在各种温度梯度（20℃，40℃,60℃,和80℃)来比较它们的热稳定性。通过会厌切除术建立吞咽困难大鼠模型，以探讨增稠剂对肺组织损伤评分和炎症标志物水平的影响。将大鼠分为试验干预组,阳性对照组，阴性对照组，和空白对照组（禁食一天后不手术和正常进食），每组15只大鼠。手术后禁食一天，试验干预组饲喂标准浓度的营养液，用自行研制的增稠剂增稠，阳性对照组给予标准浓度的产品3增稠营养液，阴性对照组饲喂正常饮食。所有组均用食品级绿色染料染色的食物喂养两周。一般条件,体重,观察和记录食物摄入量。两周后,收集腹主动脉血液,和心，肝脏,脾,脾肺，取肾组织并称重,计算肺组织器官系数。使用常规H&E染色评估器官状况，并根据Mikawa评分标准对肺损伤进行半定量分析。收集血液上清液以测量总血清蛋白和白蛋白水平以确定大鼠的营养状况。RT-qPCR检测IL-6和TNF-α基因在肺组织中的表达。肺组织中IL-6和TNF-α蛋白表达水平,肺组织匀浆，用ELISA法测定血清。计算误吸发生率。
■在1.0g至3.0g的剂量范围内，与三种市售增稠剂相比，测试样品中自行开发的增稠剂在粘结性方面表现出优异的热稳定性，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。自行研制的增稠剂与三种市售增稠剂的粘度和硬度的热稳定性差异无统计学意义。自开发的增稠剂的粘度稳定性最佳，其次是市售增稠剂1和3，其中增稠剂2最不稳定，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。产品1在厚度方面表现出最佳的热稳定性，其次是自行开发的增稠剂和产品2，而产品3表现最差，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。自研制的增稠剂在20℃~80℃的温度范围内具有最佳的硬度热稳定性。其次是产品1和2，产品3最不稳定。然而,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。动物实验结果表明，阳性对照组和试验干预组的体重增加低于空白组和阴性对照组（P<0.01）。干预组的脾脏系数低于阳性对照组和空白对照组（P<0.01）。而心脏，肝脏,肾系数均低于空白对照组(P<0.01)。干预组与其他三组的肺系数差异无统计学意义。试验干预组TP和ALB水平,阳性对照组,阴性对照组均低于空白对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。ELISA结果显示,空白组和试验干预组血清IL-6水平均低于阴性组和阳性对照组(P<0.05)。其他指标在四组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。四组肺组织损伤病理评分差异无统计学意义,或肺组织中IL-6和TNF-α基因表达水平。各组误吸发生率均为0%。
■自行开发的肠内营养增稠剂表现出优异的热稳定性和吞咽安全性。有必要进一步研究以探索其在吞咽困难患者中的应用。
■不同剂量的自行研制的增稠剂（1.0g，1.5g,2.0g,2.5g,和3.0g）和三种常用的商业增稠剂与溶解在85mL纯净水中的23.391g完全营养配方粉混合，以制备100mL标准浓度的营养液。文本参数(凝聚力，粘度,厚度,和硬度）使用质地分析仪在各种温度梯度（20℃，40℃,60℃,和80℃)来比较它们的热稳定性。通过会厌切除术建立吞咽困难大鼠模型，以探讨增稠剂对肺组织损伤评分和炎症标志物水平的影响。将大鼠分为试验干预组,阳性对照组，阴性对照组，和空白对照组（禁食一天后不手术和正常进食），每组15只大鼠。手术后禁食一天，试验干预组饲喂标准浓度的营养液，用自行研制的增稠剂增稠，阳性对照组给予标准浓度的产品3增稠营养液，阴性对照组饲喂正常饮食。所有组均用食品级绿色染料染色的食物喂养两周。一般条件,体重,观察和记录食物摄入量。两周后,收集腹主动脉血液,和心，肝脏,脾,脾肺，取肾组织并称重,计算肺组织器官系数。使用常规H&E染色评估器官状况，并根据Mikawa评分标准对肺损伤进行半定量分析。收集血液上清液以测量总血清蛋白和白蛋白水平以确定大鼠的营养状况。RT-qPCR检测IL-6和TNF-α基因在肺组织中的表达。肺组织中IL-6和TNF-α蛋白表达水平,肺组织匀浆，用ELISA法测定血清。计算误吸发生率。
■在1.0g至3.0g的剂量范围内，与三种市售增稠剂相比，测试样品中自行开发的增稠剂在粘结性方面表现出优异的热稳定性，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。自行研制的增稠剂与三种市售增稠剂的粘度和硬度的热稳定性差异无统计学意义。自开发的增稠剂的粘度稳定性最佳，其次是市售增稠剂1和3，其中增稠剂2最不稳定，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。产品1在厚度方面表现出最佳的热稳定性，其次是自行开发的增稠剂和产品2，而产品3表现最差，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。自研制的增稠剂在20℃~80℃的温度范围内具有最佳的硬度热稳定性。其次是产品1和2，产品3最不稳定。然而,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。动物实验结果表明，阳性对照组和试验干预组的体重增加低于空白组和阴性对照组（P<0.01）。干预组的脾脏系数低于阳性对照组和空白对照组（P<0.01）。而心脏，肝脏,肾系数均低于空白对照组(P<0.01)。干预组与其他三组的肺系数差异无统计学意义。试验干预组TP和ALB水平,阳性对照组,阴性对照组均低于空白对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。ELISA结果显示,空白组和试验干预组血清IL-6水平均低于阴性组和阳性对照组(P<0.05)。其他指标在四组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。四组肺组织损伤病理评分差异无统计学意义,或肺组织中IL-6和TNF-α基因表达水平。各组误吸发生率均为0%。
■自行开发的肠内营养增稠剂表现出优异的热稳定性和吞咽安全性。有必要进一步研究以探索其在吞咽困难患者中的应用。
