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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Infant mortality is a crucial perinatal measure and is also regarded as an important public health indicator. This study aimed to comprehensively present time trends in infant, neonatal, and post-neonatal mortality in Greece.
METHODS: The annual infant mortality rate (IMR), the neonatal mortality rate (NMR), and the post-neonatal mortality rate (PNMR) were calculated based on official national data obtained from the Hellenic Statistical Authority, spanning 67 years from 1956 to 2022. The time trends of the mortality rates were evaluated using joinpoint regression analysis, and the annual percent changes (APC) and the overall average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI).
RESULTS: The IMR exhibited accelerating declines over more than 50 years, with an APC of -1.9 (-2.8 to -1.0) from 1956 to 1968, -5.4 (-5.6 to -5.2) from 1968 to 1999, and -7.3 (-8.9 to -5.7) between 1999 and 2008. In 2008, IMR reached its all-time low of 2.7 per 1,000 live births, down 16.6-fold from its peak at 44.1 per 1,000 live births in 1957. This improving trend was reversed following the onset of the economic crisis in the country, leading to a 57% increase in IMR from 2008 to 2016, with an upward trend APC of 3.4 (1.2 to 5.5). In the recent period 2016-2022, there was an improvement with an APC of -3.7 (-6.2 to -1.1), resulting in an IMR of 3.1 per 1,000 live births in 2022. The decrease in IMR was estimated to have prevented 209,109 infant deaths in the country from 1958 to 2022. From 1956 to 2022, the IMR decreased with an AAPC of -3.9 (-4.3 to -3.4), while the PNMR saw a decline with an AAPC of -4.5 (-5.1 to -3.9) and the NMR with an AAPC of -3.2 (-3.7 to -2.6).
CONCLUSIONS: Greece achieved an impressive decrease in infant mortality rates, but this progress was halted and completely reversed during the economic crisis. Although there have been some recent improvements after the country\'s economic recovery, the rates have yet to reach pre-crisis levels.
METHODS: The annual infant mortality rate (IMR), the neonatal mortality rate (NMR), and the post-neonatal mortality rate (PNMR) were calculated based on official national data obtained from the Hellenic Statistical Authority, spanning 67 years from 1956 to 2022. The time trends of the mortality rates were evaluated using joinpoint regression analysis, and the annual percent changes (APC) and the overall average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI).
RESULTS: The IMR exhibited accelerating declines over more than 50 years, with an APC of -1.9 (-2.8 to -1.0) from 1956 to 1968, -5.4 (-5.6 to -5.2) from 1968 to 1999, and -7.3 (-8.9 to -5.7) between 1999 and 2008. In 2008, IMR reached its all-time low of 2.7 per 1,000 live births, down 16.6-fold from its peak at 44.1 per 1,000 live births in 1957. This improving trend was reversed following the onset of the economic crisis in the country, leading to a 57% increase in IMR from 2008 to 2016, with an upward trend APC of 3.4 (1.2 to 5.5). In the recent period 2016-2022, there was an improvement with an APC of -3.7 (-6.2 to -1.1), resulting in an IMR of 3.1 per 1,000 live births in 2022. The decrease in IMR was estimated to have prevented 209,109 infant deaths in the country from 1958 to 2022. From 1956 to 2022, the IMR decreased with an AAPC of -3.9 (-4.3 to -3.4), while the PNMR saw a decline with an AAPC of -4.5 (-5.1 to -3.9) and the NMR with an AAPC of -3.2 (-3.7 to -2.6).
CONCLUSIONS: Greece achieved an impressive decrease in infant mortality rates, but this progress was halted and completely reversed during the economic crisis. Although there have been some recent improvements after the country\'s economic recovery, the rates have yet to reach pre-crisis levels.
摘要：
背景：婴儿死亡率是一项至关重要的围产期指标，也被视为重要的公共卫生指标。这项研究旨在全面呈现婴儿的时间趋势，新生儿,以及希腊的新生儿死亡率。
方法：年婴儿死亡率(IMR)，新生儿死亡率（NMR），和新生儿后死亡率（PNMR）是根据从希腊统计局获得的官方国家数据计算的，从1956年到2022年，共67年。使用连接点回归分析评估死亡率的时间趋势，年变化百分比(APC)和总体平均年变化百分比(AAPC)以95%置信区间(95%CI)计算。
结果：在超过50年的时间里，IMR表现出加速下降，1956年至1968年的APC为-1.9（-2.8至-1.0），1968年至1999年的APC为-5.4（-5.6至-5.2），1999年至2008年的APC为-7.3（-8.9至-5.7）。2008年，IMR达到历史最低水平，每1000名活产儿2.7名，比1957年每千名活产婴儿44.1人的峰值下降了16.6倍。在该国经济危机爆发后，这种改善趋势得到了扭转，导致2008年至2016年IMR增长57%，APC上升趋势为3.4(1.2至5.5)。在最近的2016-2022年期间，APC为-3.7（-6.2至-1.1），导致2022年每千名活产婴儿的IMR为3.1。据估计，从1958年到2022年，IMR的下降阻止了该国209,109名婴儿死亡。从1956年到2022年，IMR下降，AAPC为-3.9(-4.3至-3.4)，而PNMR的AAPC为-4.5（-5.1至-3.9），NMR的AAPC为-3.2（-3.7至-2.6）。
结论：希腊实现了令人印象深刻的婴儿死亡率下降，但是这种进展在经济危机期间被停止并完全逆转。尽管在该国经济复苏后，最近有了一些改善，利率尚未达到危机前的水平。
方法：年婴儿死亡率(IMR)，新生儿死亡率（NMR），和新生儿后死亡率（PNMR）是根据从希腊统计局获得的官方国家数据计算的，从1956年到2022年，共67年。使用连接点回归分析评估死亡率的时间趋势，年变化百分比(APC)和总体平均年变化百分比(AAPC)以95%置信区间(95%CI)计算。
结果：在超过50年的时间里，IMR表现出加速下降，1956年至1968年的APC为-1.9（-2.8至-1.0），1968年至1999年的APC为-5.4（-5.6至-5.2），1999年至2008年的APC为-7.3（-8.9至-5.7）。2008年，IMR达到历史最低水平，每1000名活产儿2.7名，比1957年每千名活产婴儿44.1人的峰值下降了16.6倍。在该国经济危机爆发后，这种改善趋势得到了扭转，导致2008年至2016年IMR增长57%，APC上升趋势为3.4(1.2至5.5)。在最近的2016-2022年期间，APC为-3.7（-6.2至-1.1），导致2022年每千名活产婴儿的IMR为3.1。据估计，从1958年到2022年，IMR的下降阻止了该国209,109名婴儿死亡。从1956年到2022年，IMR下降，AAPC为-3.9(-4.3至-3.4)，而PNMR的AAPC为-4.5（-5.1至-3.9），NMR的AAPC为-3.2（-3.7至-2.6）。
结论：希腊实现了令人印象深刻的婴儿死亡率下降，但是这种进展在经济危机期间被停止并完全逆转。尽管在该国经济复苏后，最近有了一些改善，利率尚未达到危机前的水平。
