PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a global health challenge, with modifiable risk factors, notably alcohol consumption, impacting its onset and progression. This review synthesizes evidence on the types and effectiveness of community-based interventions (CBIs) aimed at reducing alcohol consumption for CVD prevention. Electronic databases were systematically searched until October 31, 2019, with updates until February 28, 2023. Given the heterogeneity in outcome measures, we narratively synthesized the effectiveness of CBIs, adhering to the synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines for transparent reporting. For selected homogenous studies, a random-effects meta-analysis was utilized to estimate the effects of CBIs on alcohol consumption. Twenty-two eligible studies were included, with 16 demonstrating that CBIs reduced alcohol consumption compared to controls. Meta-analysis findings revealed reductions in above moderate-level alcohol consumption (pooled odds ratio (OR)=0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37, 0.68), number of alcohol drinks per week (standardized mean difference=-0.08, 95% CI: -0.14, -0.03), and increased odds of low-risk drinking (pooled OR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.81) compared to the control groups. Multi-component interventions (particularly those combining health education, awareness, and promotion activities) and those interventions with a duration of 12 months or more were notably effective. The beneficial effects of CBIs focusing on achieving a reduction in alcohol consumption showed promising outcomes. Implementing such interventions, especially multicomponent interventions, could play a significant role in mitigating the increasing burden of CVDs. Future studies should also consider employing standardized and validated tools to measure alcohol consumption outcomes to enhance the consistency and comparability of findings.
摘要：
心血管疾病（CVD）构成了全球健康挑战，具有可修改的风险因素，尤其是酒精消费，影响其发作和进展。这篇综述综合了旨在减少饮酒以预防CVD的社区干预措施（CBIs）的类型和有效性的证据。电子数据库进行了系统搜索，直到2019年10月31日，更新到2023年2月28日。鉴于结果测量的异质性，我们叙述了CBIs的有效性，遵守无荟萃分析综合(SWiM)指南，以实现透明报告。对于选定的同质研究，采用随机效应荟萃分析评估CBIs对饮酒的影响.纳入了22项符合条件的研究，16表明与对照组相比，CBIs减少了饮酒量。荟萃分析结果显示，中等水平以上的饮酒量减少（合并比值比（OR）=0.50，95％置信区间（CI）：0.37，0.68），每周酒精饮料数量（标准化平均差=-0.08，95%CI：-0.14，-0.03），与对照组相比，低危饮酒的几率增加（汇总OR=1.99，95％CI：1.04，3.81）。多成分干预措施(特别是那些结合健康教育的干预措施，意识,和推广活动）以及持续时间为12个月或更长时间的干预措施显着有效。专注于实现酒精消费减少的CBI的有益效果显示出有希望的结果。实施此类干预措施，尤其是多组分干预措施，可以在减轻心血管疾病日益增加的负担方面发挥重要作用。未来的研究还应考虑采用标准化和验证的工具来衡量酒精消费结果，以提高研究结果的一致性和可比性。
