PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Thyroid carcinoma is a complex disease with several types, the most common being well-differentiated and undifferentiated. The latter, \"undifferentiated carcinoma\", also known as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), is a highly aggressive malignant tumor accounting for less than 0.2% of all thyroid carcinomas and carries a poor prognosis with a median survival of 5 months. BRAF gene mutations are the most common molecular factor associated with this type of thyroid carcinoma. Recent advances in targeted biological agents, immunotherapy, stem cell therapy, nanotechnology, the dabrafenib/trametinib combination therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and artificial intelligence offer novel treatment options. The combination therapy of dabrafenib and trametinib is the current standard treatment for patients with BRAF-V600E gene mutations. Besides, the dabrafenib/trametinib combination therapy, ICI, used alone or in combination with targeted therapies have raised some hopes for improving the prognosis of this deadly disease. Younger age, earlier tumor stage and radiotherapy are all prognostic factors for improved outcomes. Ultimately, therapeutic regimens should be tailored to the individual patient based on surveillance and epidemiological data, and a multidisciplinary approach is essential.
摘要：
甲状腺癌是一种复杂的疾病，有几种类型，最常见的是分化良好和未分化。后者,“未分化癌”，也称为间变性甲状腺癌（ATC），是一种高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤，占所有甲状腺癌的0.2％以下，预后不良，中位生存期为5个月。BRAF基因突变是与这种类型的甲状腺癌相关的最常见的分子因素。靶向生物制剂的最新进展，免疫疗法，干细胞疗法,纳米技术,达布拉非尼/曲美替尼联合治疗，免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）和人工智能提供了新的治疗选择。达拉非尼和曲美替尼的联合治疗是目前BRAF-V600E基因突变患者的标准治疗方法。此外,达布拉非尼/曲美替尼联合治疗，单独使用或与靶向疗法结合使用的ICI为改善这种致命疾病的预后带来了一些希望。年龄更小,早期肿瘤分期和放疗都是预后改善的预后因素.最终,治疗方案应根据监测和流行病学数据针对个体患者量身定制，多学科方法至关重要。
