Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Synthetic inorganic materials are commonly used as reinforcing agents in polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite, whereas natural organic plant-based reinforcing agents are negligible. Surface hardness, roughness, and wettability are indicative factors of osseointegration behavior to be used as an implant material. This study evaluated micro surface hardness (MSH), nano surface hardness (NSH), surface roughness (SR), and contact angle (CA) of PEEK-Azadirachta indica reinforced at 10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt%.
METHODS: This was an in vitro study.
METHODS: Neem (A. indica) leaf nanoparticles were prepared and reinforced with PEEK powder at 10%, 20%, and 30% weight ratios by injection molding. Sixty specimens underwent the microhardness and CA testing using a digital microhardness tester, and CA goniometer, respectively, and later nanoindentation test to analyze the nanohardness and SR.
METHODS: A one-way ANOVA test with a 95% confidence interval for MSH and NSH, SR, and CA was performed on the samples. A post hoc Bonferroni test was conducted (α = 0.05) to compare the groups.
RESULTS: There was a significant increase in nanohardness (P = 0.000) with zero difference in microhardness (P = 0.514). The addition of 10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt% nanoparticles increased the SR value of the pure PEEK from 273.19 nm to 284.10 (3.99%), 296.91 (8.68%), and 287.54 (5.24%), respectively. In the analysis of the CA, CA 20% shows the lowest angle (63.69) with the highest for control specimens (82.39). There is an increase in the PEEK composite SR with a decrease in CA.
CONCLUSIONS: The addition of plant-derived nanoparticles into the PEEK matrix has a significant impact on the hardness and hydrophobicity enhancing cell growth and osteoblastic differentiation during osseointegration of dental implants.
METHODS: This was an in vitro study.
METHODS: Neem (A. indica) leaf nanoparticles were prepared and reinforced with PEEK powder at 10%, 20%, and 30% weight ratios by injection molding. Sixty specimens underwent the microhardness and CA testing using a digital microhardness tester, and CA goniometer, respectively, and later nanoindentation test to analyze the nanohardness and SR.
METHODS: A one-way ANOVA test with a 95% confidence interval for MSH and NSH, SR, and CA was performed on the samples. A post hoc Bonferroni test was conducted (α = 0.05) to compare the groups.
RESULTS: There was a significant increase in nanohardness (P = 0.000) with zero difference in microhardness (P = 0.514). The addition of 10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt% nanoparticles increased the SR value of the pure PEEK from 273.19 nm to 284.10 (3.99%), 296.91 (8.68%), and 287.54 (5.24%), respectively. In the analysis of the CA, CA 20% shows the lowest angle (63.69) with the highest for control specimens (82.39). There is an increase in the PEEK composite SR with a decrease in CA.
CONCLUSIONS: The addition of plant-derived nanoparticles into the PEEK matrix has a significant impact on the hardness and hydrophobicity enhancing cell growth and osteoblastic differentiation during osseointegration of dental implants.
摘要：
目的：合成无机材料通常用作聚醚醚酮（PEEK）复合材料的增强剂，而基于天然有机植物的增强剂可以忽略不计。表面硬度,粗糙度,和润湿性是用作植入材料的骨整合行为的指示性因素。这项研究评估了显微表面硬度(MSH)，纳米表面硬度（NSH），表面粗糙度（SR），和以10重量%增强的PEEK-Azadirachtaindica的接触角（CA），20wt%,和30重量%。
方法：这是一项体外研究。
方法：印本(A.印度）制备了叶纳米颗粒，并用10%的PEEK粉末增强，20%,和30％的重量比注射成型。使用数字显微硬度计对60个样品进行了显微硬度和CA测试，和CA测角仪,分别,和随后的纳米压痕测试来分析纳米硬度和SR。
方法：对MSH和NSH具有95％置信区间的单向ANOVA检验，SR,并且对样品进行CA。进行事后Bonferroni检验(α=0.05)以比较各组。
结果：纳米硬度显着增加（P=0.000），显微硬度为零（P=0.514）。添加10wt%，20wt%,和30重量%的纳米粒子将纯PEEK的SR值从273.19nm提高到284.10（3.99%），296.91（8.68%），和287.54（5.24%），分别。在对CA的分析中，CA20%显示最低角度(63.69),对照样品最高角度(82.39)。随着CA的降低,PEEK复合材料SR增加。
结论：将植物衍生的纳米颗粒添加到PEEK基质中对牙科植入物骨整合过程中增强细胞生长和成骨细胞分化的硬度和疏水性具有显著影响。
方法：这是一项体外研究。
方法：印本(A.印度）制备了叶纳米颗粒，并用10%的PEEK粉末增强，20%,和30％的重量比注射成型。使用数字显微硬度计对60个样品进行了显微硬度和CA测试，和CA测角仪,分别,和随后的纳米压痕测试来分析纳米硬度和SR。
方法：对MSH和NSH具有95％置信区间的单向ANOVA检验，SR,并且对样品进行CA。进行事后Bonferroni检验(α=0.05)以比较各组。
结果：纳米硬度显着增加（P=0.000），显微硬度为零（P=0.514）。添加10wt%，20wt%,和30重量%的纳米粒子将纯PEEK的SR值从273.19nm提高到284.10（3.99%），296.91（8.68%），和287.54（5.24%），分别。在对CA的分析中，CA20%显示最低角度(63.69),对照样品最高角度(82.39)。随着CA的降低,PEEK复合材料SR增加。
结论：将植物衍生的纳米颗粒添加到PEEK基质中对牙科植入物骨整合过程中增强细胞生长和成骨细胞分化的硬度和疏水性具有显著影响。
