Abstract：
The anatomical variations of the maxillary septum and the septal bullae can generate challenges during the interpretation of radiographs of the horses\' heads and make it difficult to accurately identify the sites affected in sinus disorders. The description of the radiographic appearance of these structures is currently scarce in the scientific literature. This work aims to describe the anatomical and radiographic characteristics of the maxillary septum and maxillary septal bullae in horses. Six chemically preserved equine cadaver heads were used which, after being submitted to the maxillary osseous flap, the maxillary septum and its respective bullae were identified. Radiographic examinations before and after contrast impregnation on these structures were performed. The positioning of the maxillary septum varied between the anatomical specimens and between the sides of the same specimen. The 30° oblique dorsoventral lateral and lateral projections allowed the identification of the maxillary septum and septal bullae. However, the bullae remained superimposed on the dental arches in the dorsoventral projections with the mandible in a neutral position or with the mandible displaced. The oblique offset radiographic positioning was suggested and proved effective for the examination of the maxillary septal bullae, where the mandible was displaced to the side of the bullae to be examined, and the radiographic beam inclined in the same direction. The maxillary septum and its bullae could be properly identified in a macroscopic way after the osseous flap and the contrasted radiographic examination allowed its adequate interpretation. Variations in size and position are considered normal for the equine species.
摘要：
上颌中隔和中隔大疱的解剖学变化可能在解释马头的X光片过程中产生挑战，并且难以准确识别受鼻窦疾病影响的部位。目前在科学文献中很少描述这些结构的射线照相外观。这项工作旨在描述马的上颌隔膜和上颌间隔大疱的解剖和影像学特征。使用了六个化学保存的马尸体头，在接受上颌骨皮瓣后，上颌中隔及其各自的大疱被确认。在这些结构上进行造影剂浸渍之前和之后的射线照相检查。上颌隔膜的位置在解剖标本之间以及同一标本的侧面之间有所不同。30°斜背腹侧外侧和外侧突出物可以识别上颌隔和中隔大疱。然而,下颌骨处于中立位置或下颌骨移位时，大疱仍然叠加在背腹突起的牙弓上。建议倾斜偏移射线照相定位，并证明对上颌间隔大疱的检查是有效的，下颌骨移位到要检查的大疱一侧，和射线照相光束在相同方向上倾斜。在骨瓣和对比射线照相检查允许其充分解释之后，可以通过宏观方式正确识别上颌隔膜及其大疱。大小和位置的变化被认为是马种的正常现象。
