Abstract：
The intestine is populated by a complex and dynamic assortment of microbes, collectively called gut microbiota, that interact with the host and contribute to its metabolism and physiology. Diet is considered a key regulator of intestinal microbiota, as ingested nutrients interact with and shape the resident microbiota composition. Furthermore, recent studies underscore the interplay of dietary and microbiota-derived nutrients, which directly impinge on intestinal stem cells regulating their turnover to ensure a healthy gut barrier. Although advanced sequencing methodologies have allowed the characterization of the human gut microbiome, mechanistic studies assessing diet-microbiota-host interactions depend on the use of genetically tractable models, such as Drosophila melanogaster. In this review, we first discuss the similarities between the human and fly intestines and then we focus on the effects of diet and microbiota on nutrient-sensing signaling cascades controlling intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, as well as disease. Finally, we underline the use of the Drosophila model in assessing the role of microbiota in gut-related pathologies and in understanding the mechanisms that mediate different whole-body manifestations of gut dysfunction.
摘要：
肠道充满了复杂而动态的各种微生物，统称为肠道微生物群，与宿主相互作用并有助于其代谢和生理。饮食被认为是肠道微生物群的关键调节剂，当摄入的营养物质与常驻微生物群组成相互作用并形成时。此外，最近的研究强调了饮食和微生物来源的营养素之间的相互作用，直接影响肠道干细胞调节其周转，以确保健康的肠道屏障。尽管先进的测序方法允许人类肠道微生物组的表征，评估饮食-微生物群-宿主相互作用的机制研究取决于遗传易处理模型的使用，如果蝇。在这次审查中,我们首先讨论了人类和苍蝇肠道之间的相似性，然后我们关注饮食和微生物群对控制肠道干细胞自我更新和分化的营养传感信号级联的影响，以及疾病。最后,我们强调使用果蝇模型评估微生物群在肠道相关病理中的作用,以及了解介导肠道功能障碍的不同全身表现的机制.
