Abstract：
Transparent silica aerogel, serving as one typical porous and transparent material, possesses various unique features (e.g., large amounts of pores and interfaces, super-lightweight, super thermal insulation, low refractive index similar to gas), and it has attracted great attention in the fields of science, technology, engineering, art, and others. Transparency is one important evaluation index of transparent silica aerogel, and it was influenced by various factors such as raw materials, sol-gel reactions, phase separation, and drying methods. The structure design and fabrication of transparent silica aerogel is one huge and fine engineering. In this review, the optical/chemical guidance and design for the preparation of transparent silica aerogels are discussed, and typical applications, such as Cherenkov detectors, solar energy collection, lighting systems, and transparent fabric, also were discussed. Finally, a future outlook on the opportunities and challenges of transparent silica aerogels was proposed.
摘要：
透明二氧化硅气凝胶，作为一种典型的多孔透明材料，具有各种独特的特征(例如，大量的孔隙和界面，超轻量级,超级隔热，类似于气体的低折射率)，它在科学领域引起了极大的关注，技术,工程,艺术,和其他人。透明度是透明二氧化硅气凝胶的重要评价指标,它受到各种因素的影响，如原材料，溶胶-凝胶反应，相分离,和干燥方法。透明二氧化硅气凝胶的结构设计和制造是一项巨大而精细的工程。在这次审查中,讨论了制备透明二氧化硅气凝胶的光学/化学指导和设计，和典型的应用，比如切伦科夫探测器，太阳能收集，照明系统,和透明织物，也进行了讨论。最后,对未来透明二氧化硅气凝胶的机遇和挑战提出了展望。
