Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Paediatric fractures are highly prevalent and are most often treated with plaster. The application and removal of plaster is often an anxiety-inducing experience for children. Decreasing the anxiety level may improve the patients\' satisfaction and the quality of healthcare. Virtual reality (VR) has proven to effectively distract children and reduce their anxiety in other clinical settings, and it seems to have a similar effect during plaster treatment. This study aims to further investigate the effect of VR on the anxiety level of children with fractures who undergo plaster removal or replacement in the plaster room.
UNASSIGNED: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 255 patients were included, aged five to 17 years, who needed plaster treatment for a fracture of the upper or lower limb. Randomization was stratified for age (five to 11 and 12 to 17 years). The intervention group was distracted with VR goggles and headphones during the plaster treatment, whereas the control group received standard care. As the primary outcome, the post-procedural level of anxiety was measured with the Child Fear Scale (CFS). Secondary outcomes included the children\'s anxiety reduction (difference between CFS after and CFS before plaster procedure), numerical rating scale (NRS) pain, NRS satisfaction of the children and accompanying parents/guardians, and the children\'s heart rates during the procedure. An independent-samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test (depending on the data distribution) were used to analyze the data.
UNASSIGNED: The post-procedural CFS was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the intervention group (proportion of children with no anxiety = 78.6%) than in the control group (56.8%). The anxiety reduction, NRS pain and satisfaction scores, and heart rates showed no significant differences between the control group and the intervention group. Subanalyses showed an increased effect of VR on anxiety levels in young patients, females, upper limb fractures, and those who had had previous plaster treatment.
UNASSIGNED: VR effectively reduces the anxiety levels of children in the plaster room, especially in young girls. No statistically significant effects were seen regarding pain, heart rate, or satisfaction scores.
UNASSIGNED: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 255 patients were included, aged five to 17 years, who needed plaster treatment for a fracture of the upper or lower limb. Randomization was stratified for age (five to 11 and 12 to 17 years). The intervention group was distracted with VR goggles and headphones during the plaster treatment, whereas the control group received standard care. As the primary outcome, the post-procedural level of anxiety was measured with the Child Fear Scale (CFS). Secondary outcomes included the children\'s anxiety reduction (difference between CFS after and CFS before plaster procedure), numerical rating scale (NRS) pain, NRS satisfaction of the children and accompanying parents/guardians, and the children\'s heart rates during the procedure. An independent-samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test (depending on the data distribution) were used to analyze the data.
UNASSIGNED: The post-procedural CFS was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the intervention group (proportion of children with no anxiety = 78.6%) than in the control group (56.8%). The anxiety reduction, NRS pain and satisfaction scores, and heart rates showed no significant differences between the control group and the intervention group. Subanalyses showed an increased effect of VR on anxiety levels in young patients, females, upper limb fractures, and those who had had previous plaster treatment.
UNASSIGNED: VR effectively reduces the anxiety levels of children in the plaster room, especially in young girls. No statistically significant effects were seen regarding pain, heart rate, or satisfaction scores.
摘要：
■儿科骨折非常普遍，最常用石膏治疗。石膏的应用和去除通常是儿童焦虑的经历。降低焦虑水平可以提高患者的满意度和医疗质量。虚拟现实（VR）已被证明可以有效地分散儿童的注意力，并减少他们在其他临床环境中的焦虑。在石膏治疗期间似乎也有类似的效果。这项研究旨在进一步研究VR对在石膏房中进行石膏去除或更换的骨折儿童焦虑水平的影响。
■进行了一项随机对照试验。共纳入255名患者，5至17岁，需要石膏治疗的上肢或下肢骨折。根据年龄（5至11岁和12至17岁）对随机分组进行分层。干预组在石膏治疗过程中，使用VR护目镜和耳机分散注意力，而对照组接受标准护理。作为主要结果，术后焦虑水平采用儿童恐惧量表(CFS)进行测量.次要结果包括儿童焦虑减轻（术后CFS和石膏术前CFS之间的差异），数字评定量表（NRS）疼痛，儿童和陪同父母/监护人的NRS满意度，和孩子们在手术过程中的心率。使用独立样本t检验和Mann-WhitneyU检验（取决于数据分布）来分析数据。
■干预组（无焦虑儿童的比例=78.6%）的术后CFS显著低于对照组（56.8%）（p<0.001）。减少焦虑，NRS疼痛和满意度评分，和心率在对照组和干预组之间没有显着差异。子分析显示，VR对年轻患者焦虑水平的影响增加，女性,上肢骨折,和那些以前做过石膏治疗的人。
■VR有效降低了儿童在石膏房中的焦虑程度，尤其是年轻女孩。在疼痛方面没有观察到统计学上的显着影响，心率,或满意度得分。
■进行了一项随机对照试验。共纳入255名患者，5至17岁，需要石膏治疗的上肢或下肢骨折。根据年龄（5至11岁和12至17岁）对随机分组进行分层。干预组在石膏治疗过程中，使用VR护目镜和耳机分散注意力，而对照组接受标准护理。作为主要结果，术后焦虑水平采用儿童恐惧量表(CFS)进行测量.次要结果包括儿童焦虑减轻（术后CFS和石膏术前CFS之间的差异），数字评定量表（NRS）疼痛，儿童和陪同父母/监护人的NRS满意度，和孩子们在手术过程中的心率。使用独立样本t检验和Mann-WhitneyU检验（取决于数据分布）来分析数据。
■干预组（无焦虑儿童的比例=78.6%）的术后CFS显著低于对照组（56.8%）（p<0.001）。减少焦虑，NRS疼痛和满意度评分，和心率在对照组和干预组之间没有显着差异。子分析显示，VR对年轻患者焦虑水平的影响增加，女性,上肢骨折,和那些以前做过石膏治疗的人。
■VR有效降低了儿童在石膏房中的焦虑程度，尤其是年轻女孩。在疼痛方面没有观察到统计学上的显着影响，心率,或满意度得分。
