Abstract：
Serum creatinine (CR) is regarded as one of the most sought out prognostic biomarkers in medical evaluation of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In light of the diagnostic significance of CR, the utility of a fluorescence biosensor for its detection in human urine specimens has been explored based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) across nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) and gold nanoparticles (GNPs). A straightforward microwave-assisted synthesis procedure has been adopted to prepare N-CDs (λexcitation = 400 nm, λemission = 540 ± 5 nm) with bright green emissions. On addition of pre-synthesized GNPs, the radiative emanation of the N-CDs is completely suppressed on account of FRET across the N-CDs and the GNPs. About 77 % of their fluorescence intensity is recovered after adding CR to GNPs@N-CDs nanocomposite. The limit of detection for CR sensing is estimated as 0.02 µg•mL-1. This biosensor is selective enough to recognize CR in the existence of potential interfering substances (e.g., ascorbic acid, glucose, glutathione, urea, and electrolytes). Its practical utility for CR detection has been validated further on the basis of satisfactory correlation with the benchmark Jaffe method, as observed in artificial/human urine specimens. Consequently, this manuscript marks a pioneering report on employing CDs and GNPs-based FRET for identifying CR in urine specimens of CKD patients.
摘要：
血清肌酐（CR）被认为是慢性肾脏病（CKD）医学评估中最受欢迎的预后生物标志物之一。鉴于CR的诊断意义，基于跨氮掺杂碳点（N-CD）和金纳米颗粒（GNP）的福斯特共振能量转移（FRET），已经探索了荧光生物传感器在人体尿液标本中检测的实用性。已采用简单的微波辅助合成程序来制备N-CD（λ激发=400nm，λ发射=540±5nm），具有明亮的绿色发射。在添加预先合成的GNP时，由于N-CD和GNP上的FRET，N-CD的辐射被完全抑制。在将CR添加到GNPs@N-CD纳米复合材料中之后,其荧光强度的约77%被恢复。CR传感的检测极限估计为0.02µg•mL-1。这种生物传感器的选择性足以识别存在潜在干扰物质的CR(例如，抗坏血酸,葡萄糖，谷胱甘肽,尿素,和电解质）。在与基准Jaffe方法具有令人满意的相关性的基础上，进一步验证了其在CR检测中的实用性，如在人工/人尿液标本中观察到的。因此,该手稿标志着关于使用基于CD和GNP的FRET鉴定CKD患者尿液标本中CR的开创性报告。
