Abstract：
The second and most often utilized natural polymer is chitosan (CS), a naturally existing amino polysaccharide that is produced by deacetylating chitin. Numerous applications have been the subject of in-depth investigation due to its non-hazardous, biologically compatible, and biodegradable qualities. Chitosan\'s characteristics, such as mucoadhesion, improved permeability, controlled release of drugs, in situ gelation process, and antibacterial activity, depend on its amino (-NH2) and hydroxyl groups (-OH). This study examines the latest findings in chitosan research, including its characteristics, derivatives, preliminary research, toxic effects, pharmaceutical kinetics and chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) based for non-parenteral delivery of drugs. Chitosan and its derivatives have a wide range of physical and chemical properties that make them highly promising for use in the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries. The characteristics and biological activities of chitosan and its derivative-based nanomaterials for the delivery of drugs, therapeutic gene transfer, delivery of vaccine, engineering tissues, evaluations, and other applications in medicine are highlighted in detail in the current review. Together with the techniques for binding medications to nanoparticles, the application of the nanoparticles was also dictated by their physical properties that were classified and specified. The most recent research investigations on delivery of drugs chitosan nanoparticle-based medication delivery methods applied topically, through the skin, and through the eyes were considered.
摘要：
第二种也是最常用的天然聚合物是壳聚糖（CS），一种天然存在的氨基多糖，通过脱乙酰几丁质产生。由于其无危险，许多应用已成为深入研究的主题，生物相容性,和可生物降解的品质。壳聚糖的特点，如粘膜粘连，改善渗透率，药物的控释，原位凝胶化过程，和抗菌活性，取决于其氨基(-NH2)和羟基(-OH)。本研究考察了壳聚糖研究的最新发现，包括它的特点，衍生工具，初步研究,毒性作用,药物动力学和壳聚糖纳米颗粒（CS-NP）为基础的非肠胃外给药。壳聚糖及其衍生物具有广泛的物理和化学性质，使其在医药和制药工业中的应用非常有前途。壳聚糖及其衍生物基纳米材料的特性和生物活性,治疗性基因转移，交付疫苗，工程组织，评估，和其他在医学中的应用在当前的审查中详细强调。连同将药物与纳米粒子结合的技术，纳米颗粒的应用也取决于它们的物理特性，这些特性被分类和指定。关于局部应用的基于壳聚糖纳米颗粒的药物递送方法的药物递送的最新研究调查，通过皮肤，并通过眼睛被考虑。
