Abstract：
Female willows exhibit greater drought tolerance and benefit more from exogenous acetic acid (AA)-improved drought tolerance than males. However, the potential mechanisms driving these sex-specific responses remain unclear. To comprehensively investigate the sexually dimorphic responsive mechanisms of willows to drought and exogenous AA, here, we performed physiological, proteomic, Lys-acetylproteomic, and transgenic analyses in female and male Salix myrtillacea exposed to drought and AA-applicated drought treatments, focusing on protein abundance and lysine acetylation (LysAc) changes. Drought-tolerant females suffered less drought-induced photosynthetic and oxidative damage, did not activate AA and acetyl-CoA biosynthesis, TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and jasmonic acid signaling as strongly as drought-sensitive males. Exogenous AA caused overaccumulation of endogenous AA and inhibition of acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and utilization in males. However, exogenous AA greatly enhanced acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and utilization and further enhanced drought performance of females, possibly determining that AA improved drought tolerance more in females than in males. Interestingly, overexpression of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) could reprogram fatty acids, increase LysAc levels, and improve drought tolerance, highlighting the involvement of ACS-derived acetyl-CoA in drought responses. In addition, drought and exogenous AA induced sexually dimorphic LysAc associated with histones, transcription factors, and metabolic enzymes in willows. Especially, exogenous AA may greatly improve the photosynthetic capacity of S. myrtillacea males by decreasing LysAc levels and increasing the abundances of photosynthetic proteins. While hyperacetylation in glycolysis, TCA cycle, and fatty acid biosynthesis potentially possibly serve as negative feedback to acclimate acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and utilization in drought-stressed males and AA-applicated females. Thus, acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and utilization determine the sexually dimorphic responses of S. myrtillacea to drought and exogenous AA.
摘要：
与雄性相比，雌性柳树表现出更高的耐旱性，并且从外源乙酸（AA）改善的耐旱性中受益更多。然而,驱动这些性别特异性反应的潜在机制仍不清楚.为了全面研究柳树对干旱和外源AA的性二态反应机制，在这里，我们进行了生理表演，蛋白质组学，Lys-乙酰蛋白质组,以及暴露于干旱和AA干旱处理的雌性和雄性桃柳的转基因分析，关注蛋白质丰度和赖氨酸乙酰化(LysAc)的变化。耐旱雌性受干旱诱导的光合和氧化损伤较少，没有激活AA和乙酰辅酶A的生物合成，TCA循环,脂肪酸代谢，茉莉酸和干旱敏感男性一样强烈。外源性AA导致内源性AA的过度积累，并抑制了雄性中乙酰辅酶A的生物合成和利用。然而,外源AA大大提高了乙酰辅酶A的生物合成和利用，进一步增强了雌性的干旱性能，可能确定AA对女性的耐旱性比对男性的耐旱性有更大的改善。有趣的是,过表达乙酰辅酶A合成酶（ACS）可以重新编程脂肪酸，增加LysAc水平，提高耐旱性，强调ACS衍生的乙酰辅酶A参与干旱反应。此外,干旱和外源AA诱导的与组蛋白相关的性二态LysAc，转录因子，和柳树中的代谢酶。尤其是,外源AA可以通过降低LysAc水平和增加光合蛋白的丰度来大大提高品红的光合能力。而糖酵解中的高乙酰化，TCA循环,和脂肪酸生物合成可能作为负反馈，以适应干旱胁迫的雄性和应用AA的雌性的乙酰辅酶A生物合成和利用。因此，乙酰辅酶A的生物合成和利用决定了桃金娘对干旱和外源AA的性二态反应。
