Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Sensory disability in older adults is associated with increased rates of depressive symptoms and loneliness. Here, we examined the impact of hearing, vision, and olfaction disability on mental health outcomes in older US adults.
METHODS: We studied respondents from the first three rounds (2005/6, 2010/11, and 2015/16) of the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project, a nationally representative, longitudinal study of older US adults. Sensory function was assessed by structured interviewer ratings (hearing and vision) and objective assessment (olfaction). Cox proportional hazards models and one degree of freedom tests for trend were utilized to analyze the relationships between sensory disability and self-rated mental health, frequent depressive symptoms, frequent perceived stress, frequent anxiety symptoms, and frequent loneliness symptoms over time, adjusting for demographics, health behaviors, comorbidities, and cognitive function.
RESULTS: We analyzed data from 3940 respondents over 10 years of follow-up. A greater number of sensory disabilities was associated with greater hazard of low self-rated mental health, frequent depressive symptoms, frequent perceived stress, and frequent loneliness symptoms over time (p ≤ 0.003, all). After adjusting for covariates, older adults with a greater number of sensory disabilities had greater hazard of low self-rated mental health (HR = 1.22, CI = [1.08, 1.38], p = 0.002) and loneliness symptoms (HR = 1.13, CI = [1.05, 1.22], p = 0.003) over time in our tests for trend. In our Cox proportional hazards model, older adults with vision disability had greater hazard of low self-rated mental health (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = [1.05, 1.72], p = 0.02) and loneliness symptoms (HR = 1.21, CI = [1.04, 1.41], p = 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Older US adults with greater numbers of sensory disabilities face worse subsequent mental health. Future longitudinal studies dissecting the relationship of all five classical senses will be helpful in further understanding how improving sensory function might improve mental health in older adults.
METHODS: We studied respondents from the first three rounds (2005/6, 2010/11, and 2015/16) of the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project, a nationally representative, longitudinal study of older US adults. Sensory function was assessed by structured interviewer ratings (hearing and vision) and objective assessment (olfaction). Cox proportional hazards models and one degree of freedom tests for trend were utilized to analyze the relationships between sensory disability and self-rated mental health, frequent depressive symptoms, frequent perceived stress, frequent anxiety symptoms, and frequent loneliness symptoms over time, adjusting for demographics, health behaviors, comorbidities, and cognitive function.
RESULTS: We analyzed data from 3940 respondents over 10 years of follow-up. A greater number of sensory disabilities was associated with greater hazard of low self-rated mental health, frequent depressive symptoms, frequent perceived stress, and frequent loneliness symptoms over time (p ≤ 0.003, all). After adjusting for covariates, older adults with a greater number of sensory disabilities had greater hazard of low self-rated mental health (HR = 1.22, CI = [1.08, 1.38], p = 0.002) and loneliness symptoms (HR = 1.13, CI = [1.05, 1.22], p = 0.003) over time in our tests for trend. In our Cox proportional hazards model, older adults with vision disability had greater hazard of low self-rated mental health (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = [1.05, 1.72], p = 0.02) and loneliness symptoms (HR = 1.21, CI = [1.04, 1.41], p = 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Older US adults with greater numbers of sensory disabilities face worse subsequent mental health. Future longitudinal studies dissecting the relationship of all five classical senses will be helpful in further understanding how improving sensory function might improve mental health in older adults.
摘要：
背景：老年人感觉障碍与抑郁症状和孤独感增加有关。这里,我们检查了听力的影响，愿景,和嗅觉障碍对美国老年人心理健康结果的影响。
方法：我们研究了国家社会生活的前三轮（2005/6，2010/11和2015/16）的受访者，健康和老龄化项目，全国代表，对美国老年人的纵向研究。通过结构化的采访者评分（听力和视力）和客观评估（嗅觉）评估感觉功能。Cox比例风险模型和趋势的一个自由度测试用于分析感觉残疾与自我评估的心理健康之间的关系。常见的抑郁症状，频繁的感知压力，频繁的焦虑症状，随着时间的推移，频繁的孤独症状，适应人口统计，健康行为,合并症,和认知功能。
结果：我们分析了超过10年随访的3940名受访者的数据。更多的感觉障碍与自我评价较低的心理健康的更大风险相关，常见的抑郁症状，频繁的感知压力，和频繁的孤独症状随着时间的推移（p≤0.003，所有）。在调整协变量后，具有较多感觉障碍的老年人具有较低的自我评估心理健康的风险更大（HR=1.22，CI=[1.08，1.38]，p=0.002）和孤独症状（HR=1.13，CI=[1.05，1.22]，p=0.003)在我们的趋势测试中随着时间的推移。在我们的Cox比例风险模型中，有视力障碍的老年人自评心理健康风险更大(HR=1.34,95%CI=[1.05,1.72],p=0.02）和孤独症状（HR=1.21，CI=[1.04，1.41]，p=0.01)。
结论：有更多感觉障碍的美国老年人随后面临更糟糕的心理健康。未来的纵向研究剖析所有五种经典感官的关系将有助于进一步了解改善感官功能如何改善老年人的心理健康。
方法：我们研究了国家社会生活的前三轮（2005/6，2010/11和2015/16）的受访者，健康和老龄化项目，全国代表，对美国老年人的纵向研究。通过结构化的采访者评分（听力和视力）和客观评估（嗅觉）评估感觉功能。Cox比例风险模型和趋势的一个自由度测试用于分析感觉残疾与自我评估的心理健康之间的关系。常见的抑郁症状，频繁的感知压力，频繁的焦虑症状，随着时间的推移，频繁的孤独症状，适应人口统计，健康行为,合并症,和认知功能。
结果：我们分析了超过10年随访的3940名受访者的数据。更多的感觉障碍与自我评价较低的心理健康的更大风险相关，常见的抑郁症状，频繁的感知压力，和频繁的孤独症状随着时间的推移（p≤0.003，所有）。在调整协变量后，具有较多感觉障碍的老年人具有较低的自我评估心理健康的风险更大（HR=1.22，CI=[1.08，1.38]，p=0.002）和孤独症状（HR=1.13，CI=[1.05，1.22]，p=0.003)在我们的趋势测试中随着时间的推移。在我们的Cox比例风险模型中，有视力障碍的老年人自评心理健康风险更大(HR=1.34,95%CI=[1.05,1.72],p=0.02）和孤独症状（HR=1.21，CI=[1.04，1.41]，p=0.01)。
结论：有更多感觉障碍的美国老年人随后面临更糟糕的心理健康。未来的纵向研究剖析所有五种经典感官的关系将有助于进一步了解改善感官功能如何改善老年人的心理健康。
