Abstract：
The Loxosceles genus represents one of the main arachnid genera of medical importance in Brazil. Despite the gravity of Loxosceles-related accidents, just a handful of species are deemed medically important and only a few have undergone comprehensive venom characterization. Loxosceles amazonica is a notable example of a potentially dangerous yet understudied Loxosceles species. While there have been limited reports of accidents involving L. amazonica to date, accidents related to Loxosceles are increasing in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, where L. amazonica has been reported. In this work, we provide a complementary biochemical and immunological characterization of L. amazonica venom, considering its most relevant enzymatic activities and its immunorecognition and neutralization by current therapeutic antivenoms. Additionally, a cDNA library enriched with phospholipase D (PLD) sequences from L. amazonica venom glands was built and subsequently sequenced. The results showed that L. amazonica venom is well immunorecognised by all the tested antibodies. Its venom also displayed proteolytic, hyaluronidase, and sphingomyelinase activities. These activities were at least partially inhibited by available antivenoms. With cDNA sequencing of PLDs, seven new putative isoforms were identified in the venom of L. amazonica. These results contribute to a better knowledge of the venom content and activities of a synanthropic, yet understudied, Loxosceles species. In vivo assays are essential to confirm the medical relevance of L. amazonica, as well as to assess its true toxic potential and elucidate its related pathophysiology.
摘要：
Loxosceles属是巴西具有医学重要性的主要蜘蛛属之一。尽管与劳氏有关的事故很严重，只有少数物种被认为在医学上很重要，只有少数物种经历了全面的毒液表征。Loxoscelesamazonica是潜在危险但未充分研究的Loxosceles物种的显着例子。迄今为止，有关亚马逊乳杆菌事故的报道有限，在巴西的北部和东北部地区，与Loxosceles有关的事故正在增加，据报道，亚马逊L.在这项工作中,我们提供了一个互补的生化和免疫学特征的亚马逊乳杆菌毒液，考虑到其最相关的酶活性及其通过当前治疗性抗蛇毒血清的免疫识别和中和作用。此外,构建了富含来自亚马逊乳杆菌毒腺的磷脂酶D（PLD）序列的cDNA文库，随后进行了测序。结果表明，所有测试的抗体都能很好地识别亚马逊蛇毒。它的毒液也显示出蛋白水解，透明质酸酶，和鞘磷脂酶活性。这些活动至少部分被可用的抗蛇毒血清抑制。随着PLDs的cDNA测序，在亚马逊乳杆菌的毒液中鉴定出七个新的推定同工型。这些结果有助于更好地了解合人症的毒液含量和活动，然而研究不足，Loxosceles种。体内测定是必要的，以确认的医学相关性的亚马逊，以及评估其真正的毒性潜力并阐明其相关的病理生理学。
