Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), known as Chen Pi in China, is the most commonly used medicine for regulating qi. As a traditional medicine, CRP has been extensively used in the clinical treatment of nausea, vomiting, cough and phlegm for thousands of years. It is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Sichuan, Fujian and Zhejiang in China. Due to its high frequency of use, many scholars have conducted a lot of research on it and the related chemical constituents it contains. In this review, the research progress on phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of CRP are summarized.
OBJECTIVE: The review aims to sort out the methods of extraction and purification, pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the chemical constituents in CRP, in order to elaborate the future research directions and challenges for the study of CRP and related chemical constituents.
METHODS: Valid and comprehensive relevant information was collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, PubMed and so on.
RESULTS: CRP contains a variety of compounds, of which terpenes, flavonoids and alkaloids are the main components, and they are also the primary bioactive components that play a pharmacological role. Flavonoids and terpenes are extracted and purified by aqueous and alcoholic extraction methods, assisted by ultrasonic and microwave extraction, in order to achieve higher yields with less resources. Pharmacological studies have shown that CRP possesses a variety of highly active chemical components and a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, therapeutic for cardiovascular-related disorders, antioxidant, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a diversity in the chemical compositions of CRP, which have multiple biological activities and promising applications. However, the pharmacological activities of CRP are mainly dependent on the action of its chemical components, but the relationship between the structure of chemical components and the biological effects has not been thoroughly investigated, and therefore, the structure-activity relationship is an issue that needs to be elucidated urgently. In addition, the pharmacokinetic studies of the relevant components can be further deepened and the correlation studies between pharmacological effects and syndromes of TCM can be expanded to ensure the effectiveness and rationality of CRP for human use.
OBJECTIVE: The review aims to sort out the methods of extraction and purification, pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the chemical constituents in CRP, in order to elaborate the future research directions and challenges for the study of CRP and related chemical constituents.
METHODS: Valid and comprehensive relevant information was collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, PubMed and so on.
RESULTS: CRP contains a variety of compounds, of which terpenes, flavonoids and alkaloids are the main components, and they are also the primary bioactive components that play a pharmacological role. Flavonoids and terpenes are extracted and purified by aqueous and alcoholic extraction methods, assisted by ultrasonic and microwave extraction, in order to achieve higher yields with less resources. Pharmacological studies have shown that CRP possesses a variety of highly active chemical components and a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, therapeutic for cardiovascular-related disorders, antioxidant, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a diversity in the chemical compositions of CRP, which have multiple biological activities and promising applications. However, the pharmacological activities of CRP are mainly dependent on the action of its chemical components, but the relationship between the structure of chemical components and the biological effects has not been thoroughly investigated, and therefore, the structure-activity relationship is an issue that needs to be elucidated urgently. In addition, the pharmacokinetic studies of the relevant components can be further deepened and the correlation studies between pharmacological effects and syndromes of TCM can be expanded to ensure the effectiveness and rationality of CRP for human use.
摘要：
背景：陈皮（CRP），在中国被称为陈皮，是最常用的理气药。作为一种传统医学,CRP已广泛应用于临床治疗恶心,呕吐,咳嗽和痰数千年。主要分布在广东,四川,中国的福建和浙江。由于其使用频率高，许多学者对它及其含有的相关化学成分进行了大量的研究。在这次审查中,植物化学的研究进展，药理学,总结了CRP的药代动力学和毒理学。
目的：本综述旨在梳理提取和纯化的方法，药理活性和作用机制，CRP中化学成分的药代动力学和毒理学，为今后CRP及相关化学成分的研究提出方向和挑战。
方法：从中国国家知识基础设施收集了有效和全面的相关信息，WebofScience,PubMed等等。
结果：CRP含有多种化合物，哪些萜烯，黄酮类化合物和生物碱是主要成分,它们也是发挥药理作用的主要生物活性成分。黄酮类化合物和萜烯通过水性和酒精提取方法提取和纯化，超声波和微波辅助提取，以便用更少的资源获得更高的产量。药理学研究表明,CRP具有多种高活性的化学成分和广泛的药理活性,包括抗肿瘤，抗炎,免疫调节,保肝,治疗心血管相关疾病，抗氧化剂，抗菌，和神经保护作用。
结论：CRP的化学成分多种多样，具有多种生物活性和应用前景。然而,CRP的药理活性主要依赖于其化学成分的作用,但是化学成分的结构与生物效应之间的关系尚未得到彻底的研究，因此,结构-活动关系是一个迫切需要阐明的问题。此外,可进一步深化相关成分的药代动力学研究,拓展药理作用与中医证候的相关性研究,确保CRP人用的有效性和合理性。
目的：本综述旨在梳理提取和纯化的方法，药理活性和作用机制，CRP中化学成分的药代动力学和毒理学，为今后CRP及相关化学成分的研究提出方向和挑战。
方法：从中国国家知识基础设施收集了有效和全面的相关信息，WebofScience,PubMed等等。
结果：CRP含有多种化合物，哪些萜烯，黄酮类化合物和生物碱是主要成分,它们也是发挥药理作用的主要生物活性成分。黄酮类化合物和萜烯通过水性和酒精提取方法提取和纯化，超声波和微波辅助提取，以便用更少的资源获得更高的产量。药理学研究表明,CRP具有多种高活性的化学成分和广泛的药理活性,包括抗肿瘤，抗炎,免疫调节,保肝,治疗心血管相关疾病，抗氧化剂，抗菌，和神经保护作用。
结论：CRP的化学成分多种多样，具有多种生物活性和应用前景。然而,CRP的药理活性主要依赖于其化学成分的作用,但是化学成分的结构与生物效应之间的关系尚未得到彻底的研究，因此,结构-活动关系是一个迫切需要阐明的问题。此外,可进一步深化相关成分的药代动力学研究,拓展药理作用与中医证候的相关性研究,确保CRP人用的有效性和合理性。
