Abstract：
Alpine grasslands are distributed widely on high-elevated ranges and plateaus from the wet tropics to polar regions, accounting for approximately 3% of the world\'s land area. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is the highest and largest plateau in the world, and approximately 60% of the plateau consists of alpine grassland, which is used mainly for grazing animals. Livestock structure was determined in Guinan (GN), Yushu (YS) and Maqu counties (MQ) on the QTP by interviewing 235 local pastoralists. Based on data collected from GN, the livestock carrying capacity was calculated using herbage dry matter biomass intake (LCCm) by the livestock, and the metabolizable energy yield (LCCe) and digestible crude protein (LCCp) available in pasture. The pasture area per household differed among the regions of the QTP, which was the main reason for the difference in livestock stocking rate. The householders raised the appropriate proportion of breeding females and young yaks and sheep in GN and MQ, but not in YS, to maintain a constant turnover. Most pasture in YS was used at the community level, especially in summer. The calculated carrying capacities based on metabolizable energy yield (LCCe) of the pasture and dry matter biomass (LCCm) were similar in most months except for August, when the value of LCCe was higher than LCCm. Based on the digestible protein of the pasture, the calculated livestock carrying capacity overestimated the actual carrying capacity during the herbage growing season from May to September. Appropriate practices should be taken in different regions of QTP, such as providing supplementary feed, especially protein, during the forage non-growing season. Livestock carrying capacity should be adjusted dynamically, and calculated by a number of parameters. The stocking rate should be controlled to optimize livestock production and curb or minimize grassland degradation to generate a sustainable system. This study examined the grasslands and LCC on the QTP, but the results could be applied to grasslands worldwide.
摘要：
高山草原广泛分布在从湿热带到极地的高海拔和高原上，约占世界陆地面积的3%。青藏高原是世界上海拔最高、面积最大的高原,大约60%的高原由高山草地组成，主要用于放牧动物。在贵南（GN）确定了牲畜结构，玉树（YS）和玛曲县（MQ）在QTP上采访了235名当地牧民。根据从GN收集的数据，牲畜的承载能力是使用牲畜的牧草干物质生物量摄入量（LCCm）计算的，以及牧场中可利用的代谢能产量（LCCe）和可消化粗蛋白（LCCp）。QTP地区的每个家庭的牧场面积不同，这是牲畜放养率差异的主要原因。住户在GN和MQ中提高了适当比例的繁殖雌性和幼牛和绵羊，但不是在YS，保持恒定的营业额。YS的大多数牧场都在社区一级使用，尤其是在夏天。除8月外，大多数月份基于牧场的代谢能产量（LCCe）和干物质生物量（LCCm）计算的承载能力相似，当LCCe的值高于LCCm时。基于牧场的可消化蛋白质，计算的牲畜承载能力高估了5月至9月牧草生长季节的实际承载能力。应在QTP的不同区域采取适当的做法，例如提供补充饲料，尤其是蛋白质,在牧草非生长季节。牲畜承载能力应动态调整，并通过多个参数计算。应控制放养率，以优化畜牧业生产，遏制或最大程度地减少草地退化，以建立可持续的系统。这项研究检查了QTP上的草地和LCC，但是结果可以应用于全世界的草原。
