Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Taiwan is an aging society, and the number of people with dementia is rapidly increasing. Due to a decline in cognitive and physical function, older adults with dementia not only gradually lose the ability to complete daily living tasks on their own, but are also at a higher risk of falls and injurious falls. It is important to develop interventions that combine cognitive and exercise training for older adults with dementia to promote or maintain their cognitive and physical functions and reduce their risk of falls. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effect of cognitive-based board games and multi-component exercise interventions on cognitive function, physical fitness, and fall risk in older adults with dementia.
METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study with a single-group pretest and post-test design. The study participants were 41 community-dwelling older adults with mild to moderate dementia. They received cognitive-based board games and multi-component exercise interventions once a week for 12 weeks. The interventions included 1 hour of exercise training and 1 hour of cognitive training. Scores for the Taiwan version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-T), physical fitness, and the St. Thomas Risk Assessment Tool for Falling Elderly Inpatients (STRATIFY) were measured as outcome indicators at baseline and after the 12-week period.
RESULTS: The overall MoCA-T score increased significantly (effect size = 0.402), with participants with mild dementia showing a greater increase (effect size = 0.522) than those with moderate dementia (effect size = 0.310). Participants\' physical fitness performance improved. Female participants exhibited significant improvements in the 30-second chair stand test (effect size = 0.483) and 8-foot up-and-go test (effect size = 0.437). The fall risk score decreased by 0.05 points, the change was not significant.
CONCLUSIONS: The cognitive-based board game and multi-component exercise interventions used in this study are beneficial for improving cognitive function and physical fitness in older adults with dementia. These interventions are feasible and suitable for promotion among community-dwelling and institution-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia to delay the decline in cognitive and physical function.
METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study with a single-group pretest and post-test design. The study participants were 41 community-dwelling older adults with mild to moderate dementia. They received cognitive-based board games and multi-component exercise interventions once a week for 12 weeks. The interventions included 1 hour of exercise training and 1 hour of cognitive training. Scores for the Taiwan version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-T), physical fitness, and the St. Thomas Risk Assessment Tool for Falling Elderly Inpatients (STRATIFY) were measured as outcome indicators at baseline and after the 12-week period.
RESULTS: The overall MoCA-T score increased significantly (effect size = 0.402), with participants with mild dementia showing a greater increase (effect size = 0.522) than those with moderate dementia (effect size = 0.310). Participants\' physical fitness performance improved. Female participants exhibited significant improvements in the 30-second chair stand test (effect size = 0.483) and 8-foot up-and-go test (effect size = 0.437). The fall risk score decreased by 0.05 points, the change was not significant.
CONCLUSIONS: The cognitive-based board game and multi-component exercise interventions used in this study are beneficial for improving cognitive function and physical fitness in older adults with dementia. These interventions are feasible and suitable for promotion among community-dwelling and institution-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia to delay the decline in cognitive and physical function.
摘要：
背景：台湾是一个老龄化社会，痴呆症患者的数量正在迅速增加。由于认知和身体功能的下降，患有痴呆症的老年人不仅逐渐失去了自己完成日常生活任务的能力，但也有更高的跌倒和伤害性跌倒的风险。重要的是要制定干预措施，将认知和运动训练相结合，以促进或维持老年人的认知和身体功能，并降低跌倒的风险。本研究旨在探讨基于认知的棋盘游戏和多成分运动干预对认知功能的可行性和效果。身体健康,老年痴呆症患者的跌倒风险。
方法：这是一项准实验研究，具有单组前测和后测设计。研究参与者是41名社区居住的轻度至中度痴呆的老年人。他们接受基于认知的棋盘游戏和多成分运动干预，每周一次，持续12周。干预措施包括1小时的运动训练和1小时的认知训练。台湾版蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA-T)的分数，身体健康,和圣托马斯老年住院患者跌倒风险评估工具（STRATIFY）作为基线和12周后的结果指标进行测量。
结果：总体MoCA-T评分显着增加（效应大小=0.402），轻度痴呆的参与者(效应大小=0.522)比中度痴呆的参与者(效应大小=0.310)表现出更大的增加。参与者的体能表现有所改善。女性参与者在30秒的椅子站立测试（效果大小=0.483）和8英尺的起跑测试（效果大小=0.437）中表现出显着的改善。跌倒风险评分下降0.05分,变化不明显。
结论：本研究中使用的基于认知的棋盘游戏和多成分运动干预措施有利于改善老年痴呆症患者的认知功能和身体素质。这些干预措施是可行的，适合在患有轻度认知障碍或痴呆症的社区居住和机构居住的老年人中推广，以延缓认知和身体功能的下降。
方法：这是一项准实验研究，具有单组前测和后测设计。研究参与者是41名社区居住的轻度至中度痴呆的老年人。他们接受基于认知的棋盘游戏和多成分运动干预，每周一次，持续12周。干预措施包括1小时的运动训练和1小时的认知训练。台湾版蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA-T)的分数，身体健康,和圣托马斯老年住院患者跌倒风险评估工具（STRATIFY）作为基线和12周后的结果指标进行测量。
结果：总体MoCA-T评分显着增加（效应大小=0.402），轻度痴呆的参与者(效应大小=0.522)比中度痴呆的参与者(效应大小=0.310)表现出更大的增加。参与者的体能表现有所改善。女性参与者在30秒的椅子站立测试（效果大小=0.483）和8英尺的起跑测试（效果大小=0.437）中表现出显着的改善。跌倒风险评分下降0.05分,变化不明显。
结论：本研究中使用的基于认知的棋盘游戏和多成分运动干预措施有利于改善老年痴呆症患者的认知功能和身体素质。这些干预措施是可行的，适合在患有轻度认知障碍或痴呆症的社区居住和机构居住的老年人中推广，以延缓认知和身体功能的下降。
