Abstract：
SUMMARYThe gut microbiota is a major factor contributing to the regulation of energy homeostasis and has been linked to both excessive body weight and accumulation of fat mass (i.e., overweight, obesity) or body weight loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, and fat depletion (i.e., cachexia). These syndromes are characterized by multiple metabolic dysfunctions including abnormal regulation of food reward and intake, energy storage, and low-grade inflammation. Given the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity, cachexia, and associated metabolic disorders, novel therapeutic strategies are needed. Among the different mechanisms explaining how the gut microbiota is capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between nutrition, gut microbes, and their metabolites. In this review, we discuss how gut microbes and different microbiota-derived metabolites regulate host metabolism. We describe the role of the gut barrier function in the onset of inflammation in this context. We explore the importance of the gut-to-brain axis in the regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism but also the key role played by the liver. Finally, we present specific key examples of how using targeted approaches such as prebiotics and probiotics might affect specific metabolites, their signaling pathways, and their interactions with the host and reflect on the challenges to move from bench to bedside.
摘要：
总结肠道微生物群是调节能量稳态的主要因素，并且与体重过重和脂肪量积累有关（即，超重,肥胖)或体重减轻，弱点,肌肉萎缩,和脂肪消耗(即，恶病质）。这些综合征的特征是多种代谢功能障碍，包括食物奖励和摄入的异常调节。储能，和低度炎症。鉴于世界范围内肥胖的患病率不断增加，恶病质,和相关的代谢紊乱，需要新的治疗策略。在解释肠道微生物群如何能够影响宿主代谢和能量平衡的不同机制中，许多研究调查了营养之间存在的复杂相互作用，肠道微生物,以及它们的代谢物.在这次审查中,我们讨论了肠道微生物和不同微生物来源的代谢产物如何调节宿主代谢。在这种情况下，我们描述了肠屏障功能在炎症发作中的作用。我们探讨了肠-脑轴在调节能量稳态和葡萄糖代谢中的重要性，以及肝脏所起的关键作用。最后,我们提供了一些具体的关键例子，说明如何使用目标方法，如益生元和益生菌可能会影响特定的代谢物，它们的信号通路，以及他们与主人的互动，并反思从长凳到床边的挑战。
