Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Intestinal parasitoses are important causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised individuals. In patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), the accumulation of non-excreted metabolites leads to uraemia, which induces a state of immunodeficiency, increasing the incidence of infections. The aim of the study was molecular screening for enteric protozoa in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.
METHODS: A total of 53 samples were collected in January 2023 from patients undergoing dialysis at Logman Ltd. Nephrodialysis Centre in Košice, Slovakia. Samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum / Cryptosporidium hominis, Giardia intestinalis, Microsporidia spp., and Blastocystis sp.
RESULTS: From the 53 samples, the only pathogen identified by PCR was Blastocystis sp., in 13 patients (24.5 %). Sequence analyses confirmed that the most prevalent subtype (ST) among patients was ST 3 (n=9, 69.2%), followed by ST 1 (n=3, 23.1%) and ST 2 (n=1, 7.7%).
CONCLUSIONS: Molecular methods for the detection of microscopic enteric parasites are not used as a first-line diagnostic method in Slovakia. In immunocompromised patients, diarrhoea can be caused not only by a chronic disease or therapy but can also be a result of an ongoing underdiagnosed infection. Early diagnosis leads to targeted therapy and subsequent partial improvement of the quality of life. This study also shows the first insights into Blastocystis sp. subtype distribution in humans in Slovakia.
METHODS: A total of 53 samples were collected in January 2023 from patients undergoing dialysis at Logman Ltd. Nephrodialysis Centre in Košice, Slovakia. Samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum / Cryptosporidium hominis, Giardia intestinalis, Microsporidia spp., and Blastocystis sp.
RESULTS: From the 53 samples, the only pathogen identified by PCR was Blastocystis sp., in 13 patients (24.5 %). Sequence analyses confirmed that the most prevalent subtype (ST) among patients was ST 3 (n=9, 69.2%), followed by ST 1 (n=3, 23.1%) and ST 2 (n=1, 7.7%).
CONCLUSIONS: Molecular methods for the detection of microscopic enteric parasites are not used as a first-line diagnostic method in Slovakia. In immunocompromised patients, diarrhoea can be caused not only by a chronic disease or therapy but can also be a result of an ongoing underdiagnosed infection. Early diagnosis leads to targeted therapy and subsequent partial improvement of the quality of life. This study also shows the first insights into Blastocystis sp. subtype distribution in humans in Slovakia.
摘要：
目的：肠道寄生虫病是发病和死亡的重要原因，尤其是在免疫受损的个体中。在慢性肾功能不全（CRI）患者中，非排泄代谢物的积累导致尿毒症，诱导免疫缺陷状态，增加感染的发生率。该研究的目的是对慢性肾功能不全患者的肠原生动物进行分子筛查。
方法：2023年1月，从LogmanLtd.Košice肾透析中心接受透析的患者中收集了53个样本，斯洛伐克。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检查样品中是否存在小隐孢子虫/人隐孢子虫，肠贾第虫,微孢子虫。,和囊胚。
结果：从53个样本中，通过PCR鉴定的唯一病原体是囊胚菌。,13例（24.5%）。序列分析证实，患者中最普遍的亚型（ST）是ST3（n=9，69.2％），其次是ST1（n=3，23.1%）和ST2（n=1，7.7%）。
结论：在斯洛伐克，用于检测微小肠道寄生虫的分子方法未用作一线诊断方法。在免疫功能低下的患者中，腹泻不仅可能由慢性疾病或治疗引起，也可能是持续未被诊断的感染的结果。早期诊断导致靶向治疗和随后的生活质量的部分改善。这项研究还显示了对囊胚的第一个见解。斯洛伐克人类的亚型分布。
方法：2023年1月，从LogmanLtd.Košice肾透析中心接受透析的患者中收集了53个样本，斯洛伐克。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检查样品中是否存在小隐孢子虫/人隐孢子虫，肠贾第虫,微孢子虫。,和囊胚。
结果：从53个样本中，通过PCR鉴定的唯一病原体是囊胚菌。,13例（24.5%）。序列分析证实，患者中最普遍的亚型（ST）是ST3（n=9，69.2％），其次是ST1（n=3，23.1%）和ST2（n=1，7.7%）。
结论：在斯洛伐克，用于检测微小肠道寄生虫的分子方法未用作一线诊断方法。在免疫功能低下的患者中，腹泻不仅可能由慢性疾病或治疗引起，也可能是持续未被诊断的感染的结果。早期诊断导致靶向治疗和随后的生活质量的部分改善。这项研究还显示了对囊胚的第一个见解。斯洛伐克人类的亚型分布。
