Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), an infectious disease resulting from a virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), was discovered in China in 2019 and causes several mild to moderate respiratory conditions. This study aimed to reveal the changes in serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) and other parameters in Iraqi COVID-19 patients compared with healthy controls by studying the effects of enoxaparin and evaluating the potential of IL-10 as a disease activity marker.
METHODS: This was a case-control study that included 180 samples: 90 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from November 2022 to 20 April 2023 (40 patients had never used enoxaparin, whereas 50 patients had taken enoxaparin) and 90 healthy, age- and sex-matched control. There were 44 female patients and 46 male patients. The mean age of the patients and controls was 53.8 years vs. 50.8 years, respectively. The sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure IL-10 levels, while other parameters were assessed using the colorimetric method.
RESULTS: The results of the study indicated highly significant changes between the patients and healthy controls in IL-10, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, as well as liver and renal functions. These findings elucidated a significant change between enoxaparin patients and non-enoxaparin patients in IL-10, D-dimer, and CRP levels. However, the liver and renal functions were not significantly altered. The Spearman\'s rank correlation test investigated the relationship between serum IL-10 and CRP.
CONCLUSIONS: The results displayed a strong positive relationship between IL-10 and CRP. There were no significant differences between the other analyzed parameters; consequently, the patients had higher concentrations of IL-10, D-dimer, and some other parameters than the healthy controls. Additionally, IL-10 may be used as a marker of disease activity. Enoxaparin will likely help control IL-10 and D-dimer concentrations in patients since IL-10 levels decreased in patients treated with enoxaparin.
METHODS: This was a case-control study that included 180 samples: 90 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from November 2022 to 20 April 2023 (40 patients had never used enoxaparin, whereas 50 patients had taken enoxaparin) and 90 healthy, age- and sex-matched control. There were 44 female patients and 46 male patients. The mean age of the patients and controls was 53.8 years vs. 50.8 years, respectively. The sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure IL-10 levels, while other parameters were assessed using the colorimetric method.
RESULTS: The results of the study indicated highly significant changes between the patients and healthy controls in IL-10, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, as well as liver and renal functions. These findings elucidated a significant change between enoxaparin patients and non-enoxaparin patients in IL-10, D-dimer, and CRP levels. However, the liver and renal functions were not significantly altered. The Spearman\'s rank correlation test investigated the relationship between serum IL-10 and CRP.
CONCLUSIONS: The results displayed a strong positive relationship between IL-10 and CRP. There were no significant differences between the other analyzed parameters; consequently, the patients had higher concentrations of IL-10, D-dimer, and some other parameters than the healthy controls. Additionally, IL-10 may be used as a marker of disease activity. Enoxaparin will likely help control IL-10 and D-dimer concentrations in patients since IL-10 levels decreased in patients treated with enoxaparin.
摘要：
背景：冠状病毒病19（COVID-19），一种由称为严重急性呼吸道综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-COV-2）的病毒引起的传染病，于2019年在中国发现，并导致几种轻度至中度呼吸系统疾病。这项研究旨在通过研究依诺肝素的作用并评估IL-10作为疾病活动标志物的潜力，揭示伊拉克COVID-19患者与健康对照组相比血清白介素10（IL-10）和其他参数的变化。
方法：这是一项病例对照研究，包括180个样本：2022年11月至2023年4月20日90例COVID-19住院患者（40例患者从未使用过依诺肝素，而50例患者服用了依诺肝素)和90例健康，年龄和性别匹配的控制。其中女性患者44例，男性患者46例。患者和对照组的平均年龄为53.8岁。50.8年,分别。夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法测定IL-10水平,而其他参数使用比色法进行评估。
结果：研究结果表明，患者和健康对照组之间的IL-10，D-二聚体，和C反应蛋白（CRP）水平，以及肝和肾功能。这些发现阐明了依诺肝素患者与非依诺肝素患者在IL-10、D-二聚体、和CRP水平。然而,肝肾功能无明显改变.Spearman秩相关检验探讨血清IL-10与CRP的关系。
结论：结果显示IL-10和CRP之间有很强的正相关关系。其他分析参数之间没有显着差异；因此，患者的IL-10、D-二聚体、和一些其他参数比健康控制。此外,IL-10可用作疾病活动的标志物。依诺肝素可能有助于控制患者的IL-10和D-二聚体浓度，因为依诺肝素治疗的患者IL-10水平降低。
方法：这是一项病例对照研究，包括180个样本：2022年11月至2023年4月20日90例COVID-19住院患者（40例患者从未使用过依诺肝素，而50例患者服用了依诺肝素)和90例健康，年龄和性别匹配的控制。其中女性患者44例，男性患者46例。患者和对照组的平均年龄为53.8岁。50.8年,分别。夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法测定IL-10水平,而其他参数使用比色法进行评估。
结果：研究结果表明，患者和健康对照组之间的IL-10，D-二聚体，和C反应蛋白（CRP）水平，以及肝和肾功能。这些发现阐明了依诺肝素患者与非依诺肝素患者在IL-10、D-二聚体、和CRP水平。然而,肝肾功能无明显改变.Spearman秩相关检验探讨血清IL-10与CRP的关系。
结论：结果显示IL-10和CRP之间有很强的正相关关系。其他分析参数之间没有显着差异；因此，患者的IL-10、D-二聚体、和一些其他参数比健康控制。此外,IL-10可用作疾病活动的标志物。依诺肝素可能有助于控制患者的IL-10和D-二聚体浓度，因为依诺肝素治疗的患者IL-10水平降低。
