PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: This article aimed to review the main currently described lines and angles and gather them in a single article and arrange them in a systematic way to facilitate the process of assessment of the pediatric foot for deformities.
UNASSIGNED: The review was a scoping literature review. Electronic database websites such as PubMed, Europe PMC, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar in addition to some books on anatomy and human movements biomechanics, diagnostic radiology, and orthopedics were searched for relevant articles for the topic of the present review. No statistical analysis was applied in this review.
UNASSIGNED: Data from thirty articles included in this review were arranged into different subheadings. In the anteroposterior view (AP), assessment of the hindfoot deviation was by the AP talo-calcaneal angle (Kite\'s angle); the forefoot and midfoot for abduction and adduction alignment was by the AP talo-first metatarsal angle, the talo-second metatarsal angle, the calcaneo-second metatarsal angle, the calcaneofifth metatarsal angle; the forefoot and midfoot rotation was by observing the normal proximal convergence of the metatarsal bones axes. In the lateral view, assessment of the hindfoot sagittal plane alignment was by the lateral tibio-calcaneal angle; hindfoot varus or valgus deviation by the lateral talo-calcaneal angle; talus bone alignment by talar declination angle and the tibio-talar angle; calcaneal bone alignment by the calcaneal inclination angle and the tibio-calcaneal angle, the midfoot and forefoot sagittal plane alignment for the plantar arch by the lateral talo-first metatarsal -Meary\'s- angle, the calcaneal inclination angle, and the lateral calcaneofirst metatarsal -Hibbs- angle; forefoot and midfoot rotational alignment by observing the overlap shadows of the metatarsals\' shafts and drawing their axes.
UNASSIGNED: Drawing certain lines and angles with a systematic approach to assess different regions of the foot in the radiographic films of children can facilitate the process of assessment of the foot (as a whole) for deformities.
UNASSIGNED: The review was a scoping literature review. Electronic database websites such as PubMed, Europe PMC, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar in addition to some books on anatomy and human movements biomechanics, diagnostic radiology, and orthopedics were searched for relevant articles for the topic of the present review. No statistical analysis was applied in this review.
UNASSIGNED: Data from thirty articles included in this review were arranged into different subheadings. In the anteroposterior view (AP), assessment of the hindfoot deviation was by the AP talo-calcaneal angle (Kite\'s angle); the forefoot and midfoot for abduction and adduction alignment was by the AP talo-first metatarsal angle, the talo-second metatarsal angle, the calcaneo-second metatarsal angle, the calcaneofifth metatarsal angle; the forefoot and midfoot rotation was by observing the normal proximal convergence of the metatarsal bones axes. In the lateral view, assessment of the hindfoot sagittal plane alignment was by the lateral tibio-calcaneal angle; hindfoot varus or valgus deviation by the lateral talo-calcaneal angle; talus bone alignment by talar declination angle and the tibio-talar angle; calcaneal bone alignment by the calcaneal inclination angle and the tibio-calcaneal angle, the midfoot and forefoot sagittal plane alignment for the plantar arch by the lateral talo-first metatarsal -Meary\'s- angle, the calcaneal inclination angle, and the lateral calcaneofirst metatarsal -Hibbs- angle; forefoot and midfoot rotational alignment by observing the overlap shadows of the metatarsals\' shafts and drawing their axes.
UNASSIGNED: Drawing certain lines and angles with a systematic approach to assess different regions of the foot in the radiographic films of children can facilitate the process of assessment of the foot (as a whole) for deformities.
摘要：
■本文旨在回顾当前描述的主要线条和角度，并将其收集在单个文章中，并以系统的方式进行安排，以促进对小儿足部畸形的评估过程。
■这篇综述是一篇范围界定的文献综述。电子数据库网站，如PubMed，欧洲PMC,科克伦图书馆,和谷歌学者除了一些关于解剖学和人体运动生物力学的书籍，诊断放射学，和骨科为本综述的主题搜索相关文章。本综述未应用统计学分析。
■本评论中包含的30篇文章的数据被安排到不同的副标题中。在前后视图（AP）中，后足偏离的评估是通过AP距骨-跟骨角度(风筝角度);前足和中足外展和内收对齐是通过AP距骨-第一跖骨角度,距骨第二跖骨角,跟骨-第二跖骨角,跟五角；前足和中足旋转是通过观察meta骨轴线的正常近端会聚。在侧视图中，后足矢状平面对齐的评估是通过胫骨-跟骨外侧角度进行的;后足内翻或外翻通过距骨-跟骨外侧角度进行的;距骨对齐通过距骨倾角和胫骨-距骨角度进行的;跟骨对齐通过跟骨倾角和胫骨-跟骨角度进行的;足底弓的中足和前足矢状平面通过外侧距骨-迈里角对齐,跟骨倾角,和外侧跟骨-Hibbs-角；通过观察the轴的重叠阴影并绘制其轴线，前足和中足旋转对齐。
■用系统的方法绘制某些线条和角度来评估儿童射线照相胶片中足部的不同区域，可以促进对足部（作为一个整体）畸形的评估过程。
■这篇综述是一篇范围界定的文献综述。电子数据库网站，如PubMed，欧洲PMC,科克伦图书馆,和谷歌学者除了一些关于解剖学和人体运动生物力学的书籍，诊断放射学，和骨科为本综述的主题搜索相关文章。本综述未应用统计学分析。
■本评论中包含的30篇文章的数据被安排到不同的副标题中。在前后视图（AP）中，后足偏离的评估是通过AP距骨-跟骨角度(风筝角度);前足和中足外展和内收对齐是通过AP距骨-第一跖骨角度,距骨第二跖骨角,跟骨-第二跖骨角,跟五角；前足和中足旋转是通过观察meta骨轴线的正常近端会聚。在侧视图中，后足矢状平面对齐的评估是通过胫骨-跟骨外侧角度进行的;后足内翻或外翻通过距骨-跟骨外侧角度进行的;距骨对齐通过距骨倾角和胫骨-距骨角度进行的;跟骨对齐通过跟骨倾角和胫骨-跟骨角度进行的;足底弓的中足和前足矢状平面通过外侧距骨-迈里角对齐,跟骨倾角,和外侧跟骨-Hibbs-角；通过观察the轴的重叠阴影并绘制其轴线，前足和中足旋转对齐。
■用系统的方法绘制某些线条和角度来评估儿童射线照相胶片中足部的不同区域，可以促进对足部（作为一个整体）畸形的评估过程。
