PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Sodium pheophorbide a (SPA) is a natural plant-derived photosensitizer, with high photoactivated antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. However, its fungicidal effect on Diaporthe mahothocarpus, a novel pathogen that causes Camellia oleifera leaf spot blight, is unclear.
UNASSIGNED: In the present study, we explored its inhibitory effects on spore germination and mycelial growth of D. mahothocarpus. Then we determined its effects on the cell membrane, mycelial morphology, redox homeostasis, and cell death through bioassay. Finally, RNA-seq was used further to elucidate its mode of action at the transcriptional level.
UNASSIGNED: We found that SPA effectively inhibited the growth of D. mahothocarpus, with half-maximal effective concentrations to inhibit mycelial growth and spore germination of 1.059 and 2.287 mg/mL, respectively. After 1.0 mg/mL SPA treatment, the conductivity and malondialdehyde content of D. mahothocarpus were significantly increased. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicated that SPA significantly affected the morphology and ultrastructure of D. mahothocarpus hyphae, revealing that SPA can destroy the mycelial morphology and cell structure, especially the cell membrane of D. mahothocarpus. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that SPA significantly suppressed the expression of genes involved in morphology, cell membrane permeability, and oxidative stress. Then, we also found that SPA significantly promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in of D. mahothocarpus, while it decreased the content of reduced glutathione, inhibited the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and exacerbated DNA damage. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining also confirmed that 1.0 mg/mL SPA could significantly induce apoptosis and necrosis.
UNASSIGNED: Generally, SPA can induce ROS-mediated oxidative stress and cell death, thus destroying the cell membrane and hyphal morphology, and ultimately inhibiting mycelial growth, which indicates that SPA has multiple modes of action, providing a scientific basis for the use of SPA as an alternative plant-derived photoactivated fungicide against C. oleifera leaf spot blight.
UNASSIGNED: In the present study, we explored its inhibitory effects on spore germination and mycelial growth of D. mahothocarpus. Then we determined its effects on the cell membrane, mycelial morphology, redox homeostasis, and cell death through bioassay. Finally, RNA-seq was used further to elucidate its mode of action at the transcriptional level.
UNASSIGNED: We found that SPA effectively inhibited the growth of D. mahothocarpus, with half-maximal effective concentrations to inhibit mycelial growth and spore germination of 1.059 and 2.287 mg/mL, respectively. After 1.0 mg/mL SPA treatment, the conductivity and malondialdehyde content of D. mahothocarpus were significantly increased. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicated that SPA significantly affected the morphology and ultrastructure of D. mahothocarpus hyphae, revealing that SPA can destroy the mycelial morphology and cell structure, especially the cell membrane of D. mahothocarpus. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that SPA significantly suppressed the expression of genes involved in morphology, cell membrane permeability, and oxidative stress. Then, we also found that SPA significantly promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in of D. mahothocarpus, while it decreased the content of reduced glutathione, inhibited the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and exacerbated DNA damage. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining also confirmed that 1.0 mg/mL SPA could significantly induce apoptosis and necrosis.
UNASSIGNED: Generally, SPA can induce ROS-mediated oxidative stress and cell death, thus destroying the cell membrane and hyphal morphology, and ultimately inhibiting mycelial growth, which indicates that SPA has multiple modes of action, providing a scientific basis for the use of SPA as an alternative plant-derived photoactivated fungicide against C. oleifera leaf spot blight.
摘要：
■山梨酯a钠（SPA）是一种天然的植物来源的光敏剂，对某些植物病原真菌具有高的光活化抗真菌活性。然而,它对食管动物的杀菌效果，一种引起油茶叶斑病的新病原体，不清楚。
■在本研究中，我们探讨了其对D.mahothocarpus孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制作用。然后我们确定了它对细胞膜的影响，菌丝形态，氧化还原稳态，通过生物测定和细胞死亡。最后,RNA-seq进一步用于阐明其在转录水平上的作用模式。
■我们发现SPA有效地抑制了D.mahothocarpus的生长，抑制菌丝体生长和孢子萌发的半数有效浓度为1.059和2.287mg/mL，分别。1.0mg/mLSPA处理后，D.mahothocarpus的电导率和丙二醛含量显着增加。扫描电镜和透射电镜显示SPA显著影响D.mahothocarpus菌丝的形态和超微结构，表明SPA可以破坏菌丝形态和细胞结构，尤其是D.mahothocarpus的细胞膜.此外，转录组分析显示,SPA显著抑制形态学相关基因的表达,细胞膜通透性，和氧化应激。然后，我们还发现SPA显著促进了D.mahothocarpus的活性氧（ROS）的积累，虽然它降低了还原型谷胱甘肽的含量，抑制超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性，并加剧DNA损伤.膜联蛋白V-FITC/PI染色也证实1.0mg/mLSPA可显著诱导细胞凋亡和坏死。
■一般来说，SPA可以诱导ROS介导的氧化应激和细胞死亡，从而破坏细胞膜和菌丝形态，最终抑制菌丝生长，这表明SPA有多种行动模式，为使用SPA作为替代植物来源的光活化杀真菌剂对抗油茶叶斑病提供科学依据。
■在本研究中，我们探讨了其对D.mahothocarpus孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制作用。然后我们确定了它对细胞膜的影响，菌丝形态，氧化还原稳态，通过生物测定和细胞死亡。最后,RNA-seq进一步用于阐明其在转录水平上的作用模式。
■我们发现SPA有效地抑制了D.mahothocarpus的生长，抑制菌丝体生长和孢子萌发的半数有效浓度为1.059和2.287mg/mL，分别。1.0mg/mLSPA处理后，D.mahothocarpus的电导率和丙二醛含量显着增加。扫描电镜和透射电镜显示SPA显著影响D.mahothocarpus菌丝的形态和超微结构，表明SPA可以破坏菌丝形态和细胞结构，尤其是D.mahothocarpus的细胞膜.此外，转录组分析显示,SPA显著抑制形态学相关基因的表达,细胞膜通透性，和氧化应激。然后，我们还发现SPA显著促进了D.mahothocarpus的活性氧（ROS）的积累，虽然它降低了还原型谷胱甘肽的含量，抑制超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性，并加剧DNA损伤.膜联蛋白V-FITC/PI染色也证实1.0mg/mLSPA可显著诱导细胞凋亡和坏死。
■一般来说，SPA可以诱导ROS介导的氧化应激和细胞死亡，从而破坏细胞膜和菌丝形态，最终抑制菌丝生长，这表明SPA有多种行动模式，为使用SPA作为替代植物来源的光活化杀真菌剂对抗油茶叶斑病提供科学依据。
