PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The increase in the prevalence of food allergy has been considered as the second wave in the allergy epidemic following the first wave of increase in asthma and allergic rhinitis. It is well known that the prevalence of allergic conditions would follow economic development and urbanization in many countries or regions. In developed countries, one in three children suffered from at least one allergic disorder and these conditions include food allergy, eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma. Food allergy is very often the first allergic manifestation affecting infants and young children. The exact etiologies are not known. The clinical manifestations ranged from a simple rash or an itch around the mouth, to the more severe manifestations of angioedema and potentially fatal anaphylaxis. Among all cases of childhood anaphylaxis, food is the most common cause. The common allergens resulting in food allergies in developed countries include egg, milk, fish, wheat, peanuts and tree nuts. However, there are marked variations in the patterns of food allergens in developing countries. In line with the epidemiology of asthma, food allergy is also much less common in rural areas. Clear understanding of reasons explaining the disparity of food allergies between urban and rural population would pave the way to the development of effective primary prevention for food allergy.
摘要：
食物过敏患病率的增加被认为是继哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的第一波增加之后的第二波过敏流行。众所周知，在许多国家或地区，过敏性疾病的流行将伴随着经济发展和城市化。在发达国家,三分之一的儿童患有至少一种过敏性疾病，这些疾病包括食物过敏，湿疹,过敏性鼻炎和哮喘。食物过敏通常是影响婴幼儿的第一过敏表现。确切的病因尚不清楚。临床表现包括单纯性皮疹或口腔周围瘙痒,血管性水肿和潜在致命的过敏反应的更严重的表现。在所有儿童过敏反应病例中，食物是最常见的原因。在发达国家，导致食物过敏的常见过敏原包括鸡蛋，牛奶，鱼,小麦,花生和坚果。然而,发展中国家的食物过敏原模式存在明显差异。根据哮喘的流行病学，食物过敏在农村地区也不太常见。清楚了解解释城乡人口食物过敏差异的原因将为制定有效的食物过敏一级预防方法铺平道路。
