Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies examining bidirectional relationships between nocturnal sleep and napping have focused on sleep duration, leaving a gap in our understanding of how sleep timing contributes. Here, we assessed duration and timing for night sleep and daytime naps, to evaluate how the previous night\'s sleep influences next day napping, and how napping influences same-night nocturnal sleep.
METHODS: We analysed sleep diary and actigraphy data from 153 teens (males = 43.8%, mean age = 16.6 years). Participants who never napped were excluded. Nocturnal sleep-nap relationships were investigated using logistic and linear regression models separately for weekdays and weekends.
RESULTS: Participants napped an average of 2.3 times a week. 167 school day naps and 107 weekend were recorded. Naps were on average 82.12 ± 53.34 mins and average nap onset was 14:58 ± 3.78 h. Their duration, start and end times did not significantly differ between weekdays and weekends. Nocturnal sleep duration did not predict next day nap occurrence or duration. However, on school days, earlier wake times significantly increased the likelihood of napping that day, and advanced nap timing. On weekends, later bedtimes and wake times delayed nap timing. On school days, napping longer than one\'s average shortened nocturnal sleep whereas on weekends, waking from a nap later than one\'s average delayed bedtimes.
CONCLUSIONS: Early wake times increase the likelihood of napping and advance the time of a nap that day. Naps may be detrimental to the same-night\'s sleep only if they are long and occur late, as these can delay bedtimes and shorten nocturnal sleep duration, especially on school days.
METHODS: We analysed sleep diary and actigraphy data from 153 teens (males = 43.8%, mean age = 16.6 years). Participants who never napped were excluded. Nocturnal sleep-nap relationships were investigated using logistic and linear regression models separately for weekdays and weekends.
RESULTS: Participants napped an average of 2.3 times a week. 167 school day naps and 107 weekend were recorded. Naps were on average 82.12 ± 53.34 mins and average nap onset was 14:58 ± 3.78 h. Their duration, start and end times did not significantly differ between weekdays and weekends. Nocturnal sleep duration did not predict next day nap occurrence or duration. However, on school days, earlier wake times significantly increased the likelihood of napping that day, and advanced nap timing. On weekends, later bedtimes and wake times delayed nap timing. On school days, napping longer than one\'s average shortened nocturnal sleep whereas on weekends, waking from a nap later than one\'s average delayed bedtimes.
CONCLUSIONS: Early wake times increase the likelihood of napping and advance the time of a nap that day. Naps may be detrimental to the same-night\'s sleep only if they are long and occur late, as these can delay bedtimes and shorten nocturnal sleep duration, especially on school days.
摘要：
目的：以前研究夜间睡眠和小睡之间的双向关系的研究集中在睡眠持续时间上，在我们对睡眠时间安排的理解上留下了空白。这里,我们评估了夜间睡眠和白天小睡的持续时间和时间，评估前一天晚上的睡眠如何影响第二天的午睡，以及午睡如何影响当晚的夜间睡眠。
方法：我们分析了153名青少年的睡眠日记和活动记录数据（男性=43.8％，平均年龄=16.6岁)。从未打盹的参与者被排除在外。分别在工作日和周末使用逻辑和线性回归模型研究了夜间睡眠与午睡的关系。
结果：参与者每周平均打盹2.3次。记录了167个上学日小睡和107个周末。午睡时间平均为82.12±53.34分钟，平均午睡时间为14:58±3.78小时。工作日和周末的开始和结束时间没有显着差异。夜间睡眠持续时间不能预测第二天午睡的发生或持续时间。然而,在学校的日子里，较早的唤醒时间大大增加了当天打盹的可能性，和先进的午睡时间。周末,晚睡时间和醒来时间延迟午睡时间。在学校的日子里，午睡时间超过平均时间缩短了夜间睡眠，而在周末，从午睡中醒来的时间晚于一个人的平均延迟就寝时间。
结论：早醒时间增加了午睡的可能性，并提前了当天的午睡时间。午睡可能不利于当天晚上的睡眠，只有当他们很长，发生晚，因为这些可以延迟就寝时间并缩短夜间睡眠时间，尤其是在学校的日子。
方法：我们分析了153名青少年的睡眠日记和活动记录数据（男性=43.8％，平均年龄=16.6岁)。从未打盹的参与者被排除在外。分别在工作日和周末使用逻辑和线性回归模型研究了夜间睡眠与午睡的关系。
结果：参与者每周平均打盹2.3次。记录了167个上学日小睡和107个周末。午睡时间平均为82.12±53.34分钟，平均午睡时间为14:58±3.78小时。工作日和周末的开始和结束时间没有显着差异。夜间睡眠持续时间不能预测第二天午睡的发生或持续时间。然而,在学校的日子里，较早的唤醒时间大大增加了当天打盹的可能性，和先进的午睡时间。周末,晚睡时间和醒来时间延迟午睡时间。在学校的日子里，午睡时间超过平均时间缩短了夜间睡眠，而在周末，从午睡中醒来的时间晚于一个人的平均延迟就寝时间。
结论：早醒时间增加了午睡的可能性，并提前了当天的午睡时间。午睡可能不利于当天晚上的睡眠，只有当他们很长，发生晚，因为这些可以延迟就寝时间并缩短夜间睡眠时间，尤其是在学校的日子。
