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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity is a significant concern because it is a major cause of morbidity. This study aimed to provide in-depth information on the symptoms of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity (CRCT) by exploring literature that concurrently reports the types and symptoms of CRCT in patients with breast cancer.
METHODS: A scoping review was performed according to an a priori protocol using the Joanna Briggs Institute\'s guidelines. The participants were patients with breast cancer. The concept was the literature of specifically reported symptoms directly matched with CRCT and the literature, in English, from 2010, and the context was open. The search strategy included four keywords: \"breast cancer,\" \"chemotherapy,\" \"cardiotoxicity,\" and \"symptoms.\" All types of research designs were included; however, studies involving patients with other cancer types, animal subjects, and symptoms not directly related to CRCT were excluded. Data were extracted and presented including tables and figures.
RESULTS: A total of 29 articles were included in the study, consisting of 23 case reports, 4 retrospective studies, and 2 prospective studies. There were no restrictions on the participants\' sex; however, all of them were women, except for one case report. The most used chemotherapy regimens were trastuzumab, capecitabine, and doxorubicin or epirubicin. The primary CRCT identified were myocardial dysfunction and heart failure, followed by coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension, and other conditions. Major tests used to diagnose CRCT include echocardiography, electrocardiography, serum cardiac enzymes, coronary angiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. In all case reports, CRCT was diagnosed through an incidental checkup according to the patient\'s symptom presentation; however, only 10 of these studies showed a baseline checkup before chemotherapy. The five most common CRCT symptoms were dyspnea, chest pain, peripheral edema, fatigue, and palpitations, which were assessed by patient-reported symptom presentation rather than using a symptom assessment tool. Dyspnea with trastuzumab treatment and chest pain with capecitabine treatment were particularly characteristic. The time for first symptom onset after chemotherapy ranged from 1 hour to 300 days, with anthracycline-based regimens requiring 3-55 days, trastuzumab requiring 60-300 days, and capecitabine requiring 1-7 days.
CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review allowed data mapping according to the study design and chemotherapy regimens. Cardiac assessments for CRCT diagnosis were performed according to the patient\'s symptoms. There were approximately five types of typical CRCT symptoms, and the timing of symptom occurrence varied. Therefore, developing and applying a CRCT-specific and user-friendly symptom assessment tool are expected to help healthcare providers and patients manage CRCT symptoms effectively.
METHODS: A scoping review was performed according to an a priori protocol using the Joanna Briggs Institute\'s guidelines. The participants were patients with breast cancer. The concept was the literature of specifically reported symptoms directly matched with CRCT and the literature, in English, from 2010, and the context was open. The search strategy included four keywords: \"breast cancer,\" \"chemotherapy,\" \"cardiotoxicity,\" and \"symptoms.\" All types of research designs were included; however, studies involving patients with other cancer types, animal subjects, and symptoms not directly related to CRCT were excluded. Data were extracted and presented including tables and figures.
RESULTS: A total of 29 articles were included in the study, consisting of 23 case reports, 4 retrospective studies, and 2 prospective studies. There were no restrictions on the participants\' sex; however, all of them were women, except for one case report. The most used chemotherapy regimens were trastuzumab, capecitabine, and doxorubicin or epirubicin. The primary CRCT identified were myocardial dysfunction and heart failure, followed by coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension, and other conditions. Major tests used to diagnose CRCT include echocardiography, electrocardiography, serum cardiac enzymes, coronary angiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. In all case reports, CRCT was diagnosed through an incidental checkup according to the patient\'s symptom presentation; however, only 10 of these studies showed a baseline checkup before chemotherapy. The five most common CRCT symptoms were dyspnea, chest pain, peripheral edema, fatigue, and palpitations, which were assessed by patient-reported symptom presentation rather than using a symptom assessment tool. Dyspnea with trastuzumab treatment and chest pain with capecitabine treatment were particularly characteristic. The time for first symptom onset after chemotherapy ranged from 1 hour to 300 days, with anthracycline-based regimens requiring 3-55 days, trastuzumab requiring 60-300 days, and capecitabine requiring 1-7 days.
CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review allowed data mapping according to the study design and chemotherapy regimens. Cardiac assessments for CRCT diagnosis were performed according to the patient\'s symptoms. There were approximately five types of typical CRCT symptoms, and the timing of symptom occurrence varied. Therefore, developing and applying a CRCT-specific and user-friendly symptom assessment tool are expected to help healthcare providers and patients manage CRCT symptoms effectively.
摘要：
背景：化疗相关的心脏毒性是一个重要的问题，因为它是发病的主要原因。这项研究旨在通过探索同时报道乳腺癌患者CRCT类型和症状的文献，提供有关化疗相关心脏毒性（CRCT）症状的深入信息。
方法：使用JoannaBriggsInstitute的指南，根据先验方案进行范围审查。参与者是乳腺癌患者。这个概念是与CRCT和文献直接匹配的专门报道的症状的文献，在英语中,从2010年开始，背景是开放的。搜索策略包括四个关键词：“乳腺癌，化疗，心脏毒性,“和”症状。“所有类型的研究设计都包括在内；然而，涉及其他癌症患者的研究，动物科目,排除与CRCT无直接关系的症状.数据被提取和呈现，包括表格和数字。
结果：本研究共纳入29篇文献，由23例病例报告组成，4个回顾性研究，和2个前瞻性研究。对参与者的性别没有限制；然而，他们都是女人,除了一个病例报告.最常用的化疗方案是曲妥珠单抗，卡培他滨,和阿霉素或表阿霉素。确定的主要CRCT为心肌功能障碍和心力衰竭，其次是冠状动脉疾病，肺动脉高压,和其他条件。用于诊断CRCT的主要测试包括超声心动图，心电图,血清心肌酶，冠状动脉造影,计算机断层扫描,和磁共振成像。在所有案例报告中，CRCT是通过根据患者的症状表现进行附带检查来诊断的；然而，这些研究中只有10项显示化疗前的基线检查.最常见的5种CRCT症状是呼吸困难,胸痛,外周水肿,疲劳,和心悸，通过患者报告的症状表现而不是使用症状评估工具进行评估。曲妥珠单抗治疗的呼吸困难和卡培他滨治疗的胸痛是特别特征性的。化疗后首发症状的时间为1小时至300天，蒽环类药物治疗需要3-55天，曲妥珠单抗需要60-300天，卡培他滨需要1-7天。
结论：这项范围审查允许根据研究设计和化疗方案进行数据映射。根据患者的症状进行CRCT诊断的心脏评估。大约有五种典型的CRCT症状，症状发生的时间各不相同。因此,开发和应用CRCT特异性和用户友好的症状评估工具有望帮助医疗保健提供者和患者有效地管理CRCT症状。
方法：使用JoannaBriggsInstitute的指南，根据先验方案进行范围审查。参与者是乳腺癌患者。这个概念是与CRCT和文献直接匹配的专门报道的症状的文献，在英语中,从2010年开始，背景是开放的。搜索策略包括四个关键词：“乳腺癌，化疗，心脏毒性,“和”症状。“所有类型的研究设计都包括在内；然而，涉及其他癌症患者的研究，动物科目,排除与CRCT无直接关系的症状.数据被提取和呈现，包括表格和数字。
结果：本研究共纳入29篇文献，由23例病例报告组成，4个回顾性研究，和2个前瞻性研究。对参与者的性别没有限制；然而，他们都是女人,除了一个病例报告.最常用的化疗方案是曲妥珠单抗，卡培他滨,和阿霉素或表阿霉素。确定的主要CRCT为心肌功能障碍和心力衰竭，其次是冠状动脉疾病，肺动脉高压,和其他条件。用于诊断CRCT的主要测试包括超声心动图，心电图,血清心肌酶，冠状动脉造影,计算机断层扫描,和磁共振成像。在所有案例报告中，CRCT是通过根据患者的症状表现进行附带检查来诊断的；然而，这些研究中只有10项显示化疗前的基线检查.最常见的5种CRCT症状是呼吸困难,胸痛,外周水肿,疲劳,和心悸，通过患者报告的症状表现而不是使用症状评估工具进行评估。曲妥珠单抗治疗的呼吸困难和卡培他滨治疗的胸痛是特别特征性的。化疗后首发症状的时间为1小时至300天，蒽环类药物治疗需要3-55天，曲妥珠单抗需要60-300天，卡培他滨需要1-7天。
结论：这项范围审查允许根据研究设计和化疗方案进行数据映射。根据患者的症状进行CRCT诊断的心脏评估。大约有五种典型的CRCT症状，症状发生的时间各不相同。因此,开发和应用CRCT特异性和用户友好的症状评估工具有望帮助医疗保健提供者和患者有效地管理CRCT症状。
